Prison Term Armed Robbery Essay

As you know all robberies are felonies and with the use of weapons brings tougher penalties towards the crime committed by the individual. While all robberies are considered to be violent crimes certain states took the initiative to raise the punishment when a violator uses a weapon of choice to rob. This means the person that is robbing you is more at risk of serving a greater prison sentence if he is caught and convicted. For the most part, many people do not realize that 40% of all robberies that are committed are strong armed robbery. Strong arm robbery is known as taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear. In this paper, I will be giving a recommendation on a bill from the state legislator which involves criminals who commit arm robbery and I will not recommended the sentence to be doubled for the maximum prison term for anyone convicted of armed robbery. Robberies can happen at any time and any place unexpectedly. And it really does not matter how it’s done. The victim should always satisfy the robber by giving what the robber wants at the time of the attack without any hassle or lip. There are so many ways and places for a robber to attack. Even though a robbery could take less than one minute to attack the victim it is still a very wise idea that the victim does not create any hassle. Most robberies that take place involve one robber and one victim. When robber’s attack, they usually like to hit areas that are private rather than public. And if it is a public place, the robber will make sure that there will be more than one or two escape routes for a fast get away. Most regular people think that all robberies take place in a bank, stores, gas stations, or restaurants that stay open late. However, most robberies take place in the street dealing directly with the target/person, which is another example of strong arm robbery if a weapon is involved. This is when a person who uses force or fear against the victim to get what they wa nt. Is robbery a violent crime? I believe it is. According to the 2006 FBI Uniform Crime Report, they say â€Å"the weapon of choice for robbers is a firearm at a high of 42.2% and knives or cutting instruments are second on the list at 8.6%. Strong arm tactics like punching, pushing, kicking or threats are used mainly on the street and that is at 39.9%.† While being robbed, robbers like to use force on their victims and also like to showcase their weapons. Robbers like to use weapons because it is a  quicker method of getting what they need. And by doing so it increases the sentence of the perpetrator to a higher class sentence of strong armed robbery if caught. Also, let’s keep in mind, robbers are scared too when in the attack mode and have been known to hurt the victim when an attack is happening. This can also be another reason why the sentence should be increased to double maximum sentence due to the fact of unintentionally harmful acts you propose on the victim while using a weapon. And also, most of all, rob beries are pre-meditated when time of committing this violent act upon victims. There are different ways on how to commit armed robbery. Some of those ways are using a gun to rob a person, being wolf packed by a crowd of people/gang, using a knife or metal objects to rob the victim just so they can get what they want. By using an object and showing it off to the victim will allow a faster and easier attack at the time of the robbery. By doing so it will help speed up the process on getting what they want from the victim and still uphold a scheduled robbery under a minute. As far as my recommendation about armed robbery and if it should uphold a double maximum sentence, I will have to vote no. My reason is because armed robbery should already have a sentence attached on the type of robbery the attacker committed. Just because the attacker robs someone does not mean they should have to serve a double maximum sentence when caught. Whatever the sentence is now by law should be the sentence the attacker has to serve in jail. Unless the attacker harms the victim in any way, then more penalties/punishment should apply to their criminal charge when being sentenced. I think this double maximum sentence should be more for the murder cases and child molestations/rape cases we have committed today. Those are more important crimes we should be looking at and for us to throw these type of punishment in those directions. We know that robbery is a common crime. We all know this crime will happen over and over again. But, we as the people and the law should make this crime more punishable by maybe adding a year more to the sentence when armed robbery is committed. It should be not a double maximum crime. Although, this crime is harsh, unpredictable, and dangerous for a victim to face when attacked. Looking through the eyes of a criminal advisor, no I do not think this crime should uphold double maximum sentence for armed robbery. I think the crime should be based on what the crime is and what has happened during the crime when it  was committed for more severe punishment. I know armed robbery is a serious crime and we all want to put a stop to it, but putting a double maximum sentence is going overboard. The reason I am against this bill and for it not to pass it is because I think the punishment is already set in our law guidelines. If anything, the punishment should be increase by a year so the attacker will know that this crime is serous when caught in the act of arm robbery and plus it will give them a little more time to think about not robbing someone else while back on the street. Let’s keep in mind most robberies are pre-meditated and by increasing the punishment one year might put into perspective that this crime should not be committed. We all as a whole want this crime to stop, and by pushing for this bill for double maximum sentence should be held off for the time being. This bill is a good guster for the future of double the maximum sentence for those who commit armed robbery if we do not come up with any other solutions that is more suitable for this crime. But for now, let us explore other ways for this crime to be more punishable than to fill up our jails with people that committed armed robbery serving double maximum sentences. This is my recommendation towards the bill.

Abstract and Executive Overview of Y2K

What is the Y2K issue? This paper will describe the problems associated with Y2K and how Industry, Government, and Small Businesses are handling the problem. The first chapter introduces the Y2K issues. Chapter 2 will define how this affects the different businesses and Government agencies. Chapter 3 will develop an overall plan on how to attack the problem and recommendations. The majority of this paper will develop a plan on how each of the businesses and Government agencies should attack the Y2K problems. There should be a logical approach to planning how to investigate, test, validate, and if required, develop a contingency plan for Y2K. The job is to either form a team of personnel or hire a consulting firm to assess your situation. The team should employ the following steps: assess the system, renovate the system if necessary, validate the renovation if necessary, implement the renovation if necessary, test the renovation if necessary, and finally have a contingency plan in the event that renovating the system is not feasible and/or is too late. The only necessary or required action is to assess the system. This will be discussed in detail in my paper. The real issue is that less than a year remains before the year 2000 problems are here. The recommendation is to begin working this issue now. It may be too late, but that is when the contingency plan comes in handy. 2. What impacts are they†re to Government, Industry, and Small Business? 3. What can Government, Industry, and Small Business Do to Combat the Y2K Issues? There are actually more dates than just the year 2000 date. There are dates that can impact the leap year algorithms; Julian dates, fiscal year dates, calendar dates, and ASCII code dates. The top dates that need to be checked are: 1. 9 September 1999. This date can be read in code as 9999. In computer language, specifically ASCII code, this translates into a request for the processor to stop processing. 2. 1 October 1999. This is the start of the new Fiscal year for the Government (FY00). The algorithm for this may not be able to go from FY99 to FY00. 3. 31 December 1999. At midnight, the date rolls over to 1 January 2000. This problem can exist in two areas. The first is in the BIOS†s that exist for most desktop machines. The BIOS†s normally contain the clock and date data. The operator updates this data, when the system is first turned on and is continuously updated by the computer from then on. The problem is that older versions of BIO software recorded the date in two year digits (99, instead of 1999) so that once the date rolls into the year 2000, the BIOS†s can not understand the rolling of the year and moves it back to 14 Jan 80, the default year date. The other problem is in the application software that uses the two-year date. The application software uses algorithms to roll over the dates and can not roll to the year 2000 date. It normally has to be manually input to get to the new date. 4. 28 February 2000. At midnight, the date should roll over to 29 February 2000. This is determined in the software by an algorithm that checks to see if the current year is a leap year. If it is a leap year then it should roll to 29 February 2000, if it can not determine the leap year, then it will jump to 1 March 2000. 5. 29 February 2000. This is almost the same problem as 28 February 2000. It will try to calculate the fact it is a leap year and roll the date to 1 March 2000. If it can not determine that it is the leap year, it will either go to 2 March 2000 or it will provide an incorrect date. There are several other dates that are important, based on each application software package, and needs. Examples are, a bank computer uses COBOL software that does not calculate the dates well, FORTRAN software used in scientific research does not do dates well, and older versions of Microsoft software used the two-year digit dates. The different application software packages that are available for computers are beginning to fix the year 2000 problem in the next revision and/or update. The problems that are being encountered are that the updates may not be compatible with the data that goes with the application software. An example is that Microsoft Access 2.0 is not year 2000 compliant. To upgrade to a compliant version, the original data associated with Access 2.0 will not run on the upgrade version. In addition, the upgrade Access will not operate on the old versions of Microsoft Windows. Therefore, additional problems are beginning to come into focus with the year 2000 issue. Another issue is all the databases that are used. Relational databases use date fields as part of wildcard actions, used as sorting identification, as grouping actions, and as part of daily identification. Some specific examples are: simple databases, such as the window explorer allow you to view and sort files in a date/time field. If this date field were only two digits, then it would incorrectly sort the files (year 00 would be first rather than last). Another example is a large database that is used to match names with addresses and billing statements. This database would need to flag dates with the billing statements. If the dates were incorrect or not sorted correctly, then the billing statements would be invalidated. As discussed, there are several issues when dealing with Y2K. These issues have a direct impact on both Government and Industry. What impacts are they†re to Government, Industry, and Small Business? There are several impacts to Government, Industry, and Small Business. Dates that can impact the leap year algorithms; Julian dates, fiscal year dates, calendar dates, and ASCII code dates. These dates were discussed in chapter 1. Now we will discuss the ramifications to the new dates. For the Government, the dates will have a major impact across the board. Every Government agency, from Federal to City, will be impacted. The Federal Government uses computers on a daily basis and without them, the Federal Government would not be able to operate. Some specific examples are in the Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, and the Department of Justice. The Department of Commerce utilizes computers to run the National Oceanic Atmospheric Association (NOAA) systems that are used to chase Hurricanes. The problem is that several of the computers are used to log different data and use date/time stamping with that data. This data is later analyzed to try and map hurricanes for the future. If the Y2K issues are not resolved, important data will be lost. The Department of Defense also uses computers to a very large extent. This is especially true for the DOD large complex machinery used to defend the country. There are very few parts of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines that do not use computers. Computers are the backbone to DOD and without them, there is a real fear that our armed forces would not be able to defend this country. The Department of Justice has an even worse problem. They are charged with keeping track of criminals and federal indictments across the country. Because of the complexity of the laws, if the computers used to keep track of indictments and criminal records are not Y2K compliant, then the Justice system could have criminals cleared of any wrong doing because of a simple date issue. It is well known that if the date or address were wrong on an indictment or a search warrant, anything found because of the indictment or warrant would not be used in court. Industry has the same basic problems that the Government would have. They rely on computers in almost every aspect of the business. From robotic assembly lines to employee payroll, all of industry relies on the computer to run its day to day operation. The problem that both industry and Government have is that there was no contingency to the Y2K issue. Both industry and Government have several backup systems. An example is that major banks will have the main frame computer in one location and a hot backup in a totally different location. Take Nations Bank. Nations Bank may have its primary mainframe computer, for all its checking accounts, here in town. There is a hot backup (a hot backup is a main frame computer that records the same exact information that the mainframe computer is recording, but it does not handle any transactions, just records the information) that is located in a different part of the country, say Colorado. In this way, if a major hurricane were to devastate Tampa, the hot backup would come on line take over the responsibility of the mainframe. In this way, vital information would not be lost. This was all thought out years before, but not Y2K. Y2K would impact both mainframes (the primary and the backup) and all the data would be corrupted. The problem with small business is that it relies on the computer to do many of its tasks that employees used to do. In small business, people were employed to handle payroll, marketing, office management, files, record keeping, and profit/loss ledgers. These people were replaced with the advent of the computer. Now any small business could operate without minimal employees. The office manager could now handle payroll, marketing, files, records, and ledgers right on the computer. The computer became the key piece of equipment for the small business. Without the computer, small businesses could not stay in operation. Look at a small business that provides hearing aids to the general public. Besides the payroll, this small business will keep all its customers accounts in a simple database. This database will be used to notify the business when the hearing aid needs servicing, additional hearing tests should be done, replacement batteries, and payment schedules. This is just the tip of the database. The database would also be used to send out flyers on new technology, discounts, and will serve as the business mailing lists. Without this computer, the small business would need to hire additional personnel and return to paper and pencil to operate. What can Government, Industry, and Small Business Do to Combat the Y2K Issues? For both Government and Industry, it will not be a problem to combat Y2K. There is work already being done to correct the problems. Both agencies, through consulting agencies and internal working groups, have developed a series of plans to combat the Y2K issue. The standard procedure is to first do an inventory and assessment on the agency. After the assessment is done, a renovation plan is developed to renovate the different systems. After renovation is completed, the system is placed into the validation phase, where it is tested using the different Y2K dates to ensure that no problems are encountered. After the testing is completed and the validation is verified, then the implementation phase is started. The implementation phase is to implement the system into action, and begin watching the system during the actual crossover dates. The cost to perform all of the plans and phases are high. On most major DOD systems, the cost ranges from $100 Thousand to over $5 Million. For industry, their costs are about the same. It does not matter if the agency does it internally or hires consultants to perform the work. The costs are normally high. These costs are absorbed in industry and/or in the Government by the consumer and/or taxpayer. Industry will pass the costs to the consumer by increasing its price on the product. The Government will either increase taxes or modify the budget to get the necessary funds to ensure Y2K compliance. The real problem lies with small business. The plans and phases that were developed by industry and Government must also be accomplished by small business. The problem is that small business does not have the money to expend on the Y2K issue. Small businesses do not have the overhead or capital to afford to test its systems and ensure that Y2K problems do not exist in its machine. Since most small businesses do not rely on consultants and do not have a computer expert on the payroll, then small businesses must rely on the software companies to ensure that the computer is Y2K compliant. Since they do not have the funds to try and make their systems Y2K compliant, then the small business must rely on Macintosh, Microsoft, and other large software companies to ensure that the software is compliant. This becomes a real issue for the small business. The major software companies have problems with ensuring that the software they are selling is Y2K compliant. An example is that Microsoft Windows 98 may be compliant, as far as the Y2K issue is concerned. But any other application software that is used with Windows 98 may not be compliant, making the system non-compliant. Microsoft can not be held responsible for other software packages built by other software companies. In addition, most software companies will not support older versions of its software. An example is that Microsoft will not support Windows version 3.1. This is based on the availability of newer versions of Windows being available to the consumer. So where does this leave the small business? The small business is in a delicate situation. The recommendation for small business is to work through the chamber of commerce and pool the resources that each small business has to get the support it needs. There is Federal and Local assistance available to help small business ensure that the Y2K issue is resolved prior to the actual dates. The real problem is that if the small business does not recognize that it has a problem, then it will not work to fix the Y2K issue in time. By combining their resources and working with the local chambers, a network of consultants could work together to fix the problem before the actual Y2K dates have come. The only other option would be to spend the money to go through the same plans and phases that the Government and Industry goes through to fix the Y2K issue. This cost would be too high for small business. The final option would be for the small business to cross his fingers and hope for the best. This would be the last option for the businessperson to work with.

Human Resource Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resource Management - Research Paper Example There are thousands of websites on the internet that specialize in advertising jobs for people. Three of the largest jobs posting websites are Monster.com, Careerbuilder.com, and CareerPath.com. These websites allow the user to search through databases that often have hundreds of thousands of jobs available throughout the nation. For instance signing up for Monster.com is free of charge for a job seeker. Corporations pay Monster.com a fee for using the space in their website to place job postings. Online recruitment is a strategy that can be used by both small and large corporations. The use of online recruitment can accelerate the process of obtaining candidates for a job posting because the firm receives the application for the job instantly via the internet. Companies gain access to a large pool of applicants by using online recruiting (Whatjobsite, 2009). The internet enables a firm recruiting online the ability to advertise a job posting during all hours of the day. Once a compa ny identifies a potential candidate through its online recruiting efforts the firm can continue the selection process using online tools such as giving assessment tests to the candidates or interviewing them using video chat platforms. The use of online recruiting offers many advantages to a company. One of the greatest advantages of online recruiting is its low cost. Advertising jobs in the written media can cost companies thousands of dollars due to the fact that firms have to pay for advertising space in several newspapers or magazines in order to reach potential candidates for the job position. Receiving applications for jobs online can help companies sort through the applications a bit faster than paper filled applications. Another advantage of online... Human Resource Management Since the turn of the 21st century the world entered into new economic age known as the broadband age. The internet is the key technological advancement that spurred economic activity during this era. One of the hottest trends in recruiting is online recruitment. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and describe online recruiting. â€Å"The internet has become one of the prominent of all worldwide recruiting efforts† (Ivancevich, 2001, pg. 195). The proliferation of the internet is one of the reasons the internet has become such a popular recruiting tool. As of June 30, 2012 there were 2.4 billion internet users worldwide (Internetworldstats, 2012). Over 34% of the global population uses the internet on a regular basis. The use of the internet for recruiting is a strategy that most companies utilize due to the fact that online recruiting is an inexpensive way to advertise job positions. Companies that have corporate websites should utilize their websites to recruit personne l. The job application process of a firm that uses online recruiting often starts by the applicants submitting a job application through the website or by sending a resume to the firm via email. Due to the large amounts of resumes multinational corporations receive each day firms should use a separate email address to receive resumes. Online recruiting is a tremendous tool that all companies should be using. In the past I have used the internet to apply for jobs. I was able to apply for jobs in my region and for job positions in different parts of the country using the internet.

Humanitarian Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Humanitarian Operations - Essay Example t has become a policy, the US government continues to draw military personnel from the United States forces to implement various humanitarian operations. Many people regard humanitarian operation as beneficial to the United States forces, but this is partially true. Conducting Humanitarian Operations is not the role of the U.S. military and distracts our forces form their primary mission, which is to defend the U.S. interest. By conducting humanitarian operations, the United States reduces the number of personnel from its primary mission of defending its Interest. In recent years, the US government deployed a significant number of military personnel on humanitarian operation, but this has reduced the number of US forces defending US interest in other places. For instance, the US government sent a considerable number of personnel to provide humanitarian operation in the Libya against Kadhafi’s regime (Christopher, 2011). While the world welcome this move, many of the marine and air force personnel who went to Libya had to leave other duties elsewhere. This can be catastrophic is the personnel are required to report to their stations should an emergency occur. The potential harm of such an event underpin the negative impact of humanitarian operation in enabling the United States defend its interest as necessary instead of taking part in operations that undermine the deployment of its personnel. Humanitarian operation distracts policy makers in U.S government from providing meaningful direction on issues that allow the U.S military to execute their mission appropriately and successfully. During humanitarian operations, the U. S military and its policy makers who take part in these programs that do not have definite objectives, but more demanding due to the complexity in logistics (Carter & White, 2011). Because of this, the U.S military will have less time to address real issues that affect their primary missions such as defending U.S interest. Consequently,

Chamber concert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chamber concert - Essay Example The above mentioned artists were invited by the organizers to grace the occasion due to their good record of their work in the music fraternity. Yu-Mei Huang who featured in the concert is a well known violin player who has produced numerous records of music. He has proven beyond reasonable doubt that he is an outstanding chamber musician and a soloist. Yu-Mei Huang has featured in many concerts as a pianist and a violin during his career growth in the United States of America and Asia. It is noted that Yu-Mei Huang perfected his act by undertaking a degrees in Violin Performance and Conducting at Florida International University. Yu-Mei Huang uses his talent to teach other people in the community the acts of music as a sign of thanksgiving to the community. Guangyu Xie is an artist who loved to play the cello from his childhood age till now. It is said that Guangyu Xie started playing the instrument at a tender age whereby at the age of twelve he won a prestigious award in his home country which is china. The artist has won many prestigious awards in his career life which has inspired the artist to work much harder. Music produced by Guangyu Xie has received a positive reaction from the people all over the world where they sell of the music has brought about a lot of wealth to the artist. Guangyu Xie has perfected his act by undergoing a degree course in cello performance in Russian. This move has made it possible for the artist to visit many countries to perform and to motivate young upcoming musicians. Guangyu Xie is currently working with the faculty of Shanghai Conservatory in Shanghai, China. The presence of Chih-Long Hu in the chamber concert made the show to be interesting to the audience. Chih-Long Hu is said to be one of the world renowned active pianist. He has won many prestigious awards during his career. Such awards include the Taipei National Concert Hall Arising Star and the Chi-Mei Artist Award. He has

Is John Stuart Mill's ulitilarianism a sound basis for his liberal Essay

Is John Stuart Mill's ulitilarianism a sound basis for his liberal feminism - Essay Example Therefore, society’s maximisation of utility consists in the achievement of the highest possible concentration of pleasure while minimising the amount of pain deriving from any action or law. Liberal feminism as propounded by Mill appears to conflict with some of the ideas advocated by utilitarianism; however, once thoroughly considered it does harmonise with his theory of utilitarianism. The theory of utilitarianism contains a theory of equality as it advocates that transfers of utility or happiness can and should only occur to the extent that marginal (that is, each additional increment of) utility for those who gain equals that of those who lose pleasure from the transfer. In conjunction with Liberal Feminism it means that no male should gain pleasure at the expense of a greater loss of pleasure by a woman. It treats everyone equally and without bias, male or female; but contained in equal treatment is the fact that it regards no one individually, and measures utility only quantitatively. Its principle of equal consideration of interests dictates that qualitative concerns (such as reasons why an action might be pleasing to a person) are not to be involved in this aspect of the utilitarian principle (Harsanyi, 1975, cited in Sen, 1979). According to this, egalitarianism is a fundamental principle of the theory of utilitarianism, and it advocates liberal feminism on ly as far as liberal feminism is itself an egalitarian principle. Theories of rights and justice are less overtly advocated by the principle, as it regards no one as special but explicitly demands only that happiness be maximised. In practice, however, rights of humans often do come into play because of a fundamental similarity among them that is usually assumed when dealing with large groups. Therefore, it is often believed that in general people will accrue a similar amount of pleasure from a given action, so each person therefore (in absence of or blindness

Should national energy policy in the US focus on building more nuclear Research Paper

Should national energy policy in the US focus on building more nuclear power plants - Research Paper Example Due to the growing issue of safety and security globally, many terrorist organizations are trying to access nuclear facilities for endangering the security of the United States. Internally, the existing nuclear reactors in U.S. will experience change in their design as they have received 20 year operating license extensions (Blatt 228). Nuclear disposal management poses a severe challenge for the authorities as well. The problem of highly radioactive waste disposal and storage has adopted a controversial aspect. Consequently, it is more feasible to use alternative energy resources such as biomass, wind energy, ethanol, and other resources. In the subsequent part of this research paper, first the Energy Policy is accounted for, which is followed by cost, safety and security side, and waste management of nuclear plants. Before summary, alternative sources to nuclear plants are elaborated. Energy Policy The Energy Policy Act (EPA) accounts for energy production in the United States (Env ironmental Protection Agency). The Policy includes the issues such as energy efficiency, oil and gas , coal, renewable energy, nuclear matters and security, tribal energy, vehicles and motor fuels including ethanol, energy tax incentives, hydrogen, hydropower and geothermal energy and climate change technology. ... On the other hand, the secondary energy source is provided by electricity that is produced from the primary sources. According to the statistics provided by the EIA, the breakout of total energy production in 2010 was: Coal- 30 % Natural gal -30% Petroleum (crude oil and natural gas plant liquids)- 19% Nuclear electric power- 10% Renewable energy- 10%. Cost Side of Nuclear Energy Development Nuclear energy requires higher cost for development and maintenance as well. In this regard, Holt (2) contends that the reasons for the 30-year halt in U.S. nuclear plant orders include higher capital costs. Holt further elaborates the construction costs for reactors completed since the mid-1980s remained within $2 to $7 billion, averaging more than $ 3,700 per kilowatt of electric generating capacity- in 2007 dollars. Without any doubt, the higher cost of development would put more pressure over the U.S. economy which is already squeezed by the current waves of financial crisis. Additionally, th e 30-year halt in nuclear plant development clearly highlights the existing concerns over developing or going nuclear for fulfilling energy needs. Safety Side of Nuclear Plants Safety of Nuclear plants has become a burning issue. On the external side, many terrorist organizations such as Al- Qaeda and its associates are putting everything they could to destabilize American economy and people. For their dirty aims, they can go to any extent. Under such conditions and threats, the nuclear safety has become more significant than ever before. On the internal side, Blatt argues that over the next two to three decades, the existing nuclear reactors in U.S. will observe change with improved designs as most existing reactors are receiving twenty-year operating

Popular music composer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Popular music composer - Essay Example Composers like Chopin, Schubert, and Saint-Saens aspire to his greatness. While writing his music, he did it in full orchestral scores. His drafts were always final drafts while most of his works attained legendary status. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart got respect all over the world because of his prowess as an established, gifted and experienced composer. Due to his perfection in the classical mode of music, Beethoven, a renowned classical music composer, decided never to imitate him but rather to create his new mode of classical music. Beethoven did all this for the respect he had for Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts work features offer one of the finest balance in history between orchestra and solo instruments. He is also regarded as one of the finest piano musicians ever to grace the earth and his prowess at the violin are equally adept, making him be one of The finest musicians ever to live. People were more generous in their praise for Wolfgang not only because he was younger and more gifted musically but also he was more appealing, free in his ways, and spontaneous (Melograni, & Cochrane. 2007). Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s opera Don Giovanni is regarded as his greatest single work because of its pristine

The website have the right to choose the topic Essay

The website have the right to choose the topic - Essay Example Hence, being a multi-cultural country, it is difficult to pinpoint one dominant group (majority) in the US which has an advantage or edge over minority groups. However, it must be noted, that while the Native Americans were the very first people populating the USA, the very first settlers who brought â€Å"civilization† to the US were the Europeans who travelled with Christopher Columbus. Hence, they are termed as â€Å"Americans† and are also referred to as â€Å"the white race†. These settlers can be termed as the dominant group prevalent in the US as they were the supposed founders of the empty land back in Christopher Columbus’s time (Pasell, 1995). While the USA has opportunities for all ethnicities, religions, and cultures and laws prohibit discrimination upon the basis of race, gender, disability, and other factors, some people are still discriminated against or were discriminated against when they first immigrated to the US as part of a minority group. Minority groups are subject to unequal treatment by dominant groups and may be the victims of racism. They are in a minority in the suggested area and do not have as much power as the dominant groups may have. It takes ample time for them to be recognized, given equal opportunities, and lead a better and free life in the said place. Dominant groups or majority groups, on the other hand, and have power and authority in their area and may have racist feelings against other minority group settlers. Moreover, they have the most opportunities and the easiest access to their place of settling (Winnant, 1994). As mentioned before, while the percentage of majority and minority residents in the US is rapidly changing, the analysis of this paper will be based upon two groups: the Europeans (white) as the dominant group and the immigration of Chinese settlers into the US as the non-dominant group (Calavita, 1994). Immigration policies differed in various time

Is CEO Pay really Inefficient If so, propose a mechanism to improve Essay

Is CEO Pay really Inefficient If so, propose a mechanism to improve efficiency - Essay Example The inefficiency in CEO’s pay arises because it is very difficult to quantify the productivity of the company and its limit with respect to a certain individual. According to Robert (1995) â€Å"Although much of the decision-making power resides with the CEO, the research and background analysis reports are not made by him. Hence a venture that incurs losses upon the company may not have been caused due a bad decision made by the CEO but rather incomplete or inaccurate information provided to him. These are exemplary scenarios that have more theoretical than practical basis. â€Å" (Robert A. G. Monks, Nell Minow 1995) In today’s world where most business ventures are based solely on the situation in the relevant markets, employee wages are no exception. The general pay of a CEO in competitors would play a large part in deciding the payment package of a company’s CEO.The rest of the essay will be divided into four sections the first three will discuss the vario us aspects of payment while the last would be the concluding statement. Section one will view the entire payment package of a CEO and its implications. These have a strong basis in market evaluation and the integration of the CEO’s position in the company. Section two will discuss the Agency theory. This theory outlines the principal-agent relationship existing between the shareholders and the CEO and its impact on efficient pay. This relationship is both contractually binding and ethical in nature where the extent of the Agent’s authority to bind the company in a contract is deduced by the power given to him by the Principal.. Section three will reflect on the opposing theories of Rent-extraction and the efficient market hypothesis, while both valid in nature, reflects two different sides of an employment contract. Section one: Most CEOs are given the title of either president or CEO. This is a very connotation in the text of CEOs. It is widely used world over. It cou ld mean that the title holders also includes the directors which are present on the board of directors. On the other hand it could also mean the chief operating officer. When compared to the CEO, the president’s central focus is daily operations. CEO, on the other hand is more of a visionary. He projects the future of the company and determines the direction that the company takes. Thus at times, the titles of both president and CEO are used interchangeably to emphasize on the roles that both these title holders play. The increase in pay of a CEO has been six times more than the average wages paid to employees in the last thirty years. The payment package may be seen as inefficient and problematic. An internal sensitivity-analysis of firms indicates that the proportion of loss suffered by the manager when the firm suffers a loss is very small. This amount is greater for small or medium-sized firms as the size of the business increases the loss in pay of the manager decreases when the company suffers a setback. For example, it has been estimated that in a large firm a loss of $1000 by the company only passes on a loss of $1 to the manager who in fact

Neoliberal Globalization Essay Example for Free

Neoliberal Globalization Essay In the article â€Å"Neoliberal Globalization† by Dan Clawson, the author contended that the advocates of neoliberalism tried to integrate this into globalization. He said that they are continuously attempting to make policies favorable to companies’ profits. Unfortunately, these do not make corresponding benefits and compensations to its workers that trigger labor crisis in the United States. Clawson further argued that neoliberalism should not be misunderstood as an inevitable phenomenon to accompanied globalization. Take for example the internet. Since the internet is a â€Å"powerful force† that connects people in one region to the world, it is also considered as the best contributor in globalization. In order to take that advantage, companies today tried to adapt a neoliberal perspective on the use of the internet to make more profit for themselves. Even so, the internet is for everyone in the world whether a person has wealth and power or not. In addition to this, the concept of globalization of the internet is very different from the perspective of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on globalization. Their belief is to generate most profits for business, much to their interest. The neoliberals believe that the their version of globalization has generated many profits and has made individuals wealthy. Yes, businesses nowadays are indeed making more profit than before because of neoliberal strategies. However, the wealth has been distributed unequally; in other words, wealth has been concentrated in certain business people. Clawson demonstrates this wrong argument of neoliberals by providing two different economy periods namely, the welfare state and the neoliberal state. Clawsons argument questioned why the average family income during the welfare state period was doubled compared to the slow increase during the neoliberalism period, given that the neoliberal oriented economy brought prosperity to the state. There was a noticable increase in income during the later period, but these increases were made by women workers and mostly distributed to the top people in the business. The Neoliberal version of globalization has then resulted in the continuous gap widening between the average workers and the top executives. With this, how does neoliberal globalization damage our economy? The damages are serious and concentrated in the working class population. The more international trade grows, the higher income inequality becomes. This causes more people to lose their jobs because of the companies’ decision to relocate to other countries to cut costs. Many of them relocate their manufacturing jobs to China and the service sector jobs to India. This is the main reason why most of the products we avail are from China, and the servicing jobs are in India. All of these are causes of the companies’ downsizing and the increased unemployment. Clawson proposed some solutions to the neoliberal form of globalization. He said that if the workers formed a union, the capital would be controlled, and there would be a decrease in the relocation. I agree with this thinking of Clawson. Abolishing the boundless rights corporations have in relocation is an effective way to maintain the workers’ rights. Unfortunately, the process was more complicated than what Clawson suggested. Another alternative was the regulation of labor conditions through organizations, such as the United Nations or the WTO. Clawson proposed that WTO should focus more on the workers rights and environment, and not only the company profits. WTO was established to protect organizational profits. If the right to regulate labor condition is granted to the WTO, there is a possibility that the WTO operate favorably to generate corporations’ profits. Clawson’s neoliberal version of globalization brought labor’s crisis in the United States. He demonstrated these by providing many case examples. However, his proposals did not address possible obstacles, which may follow as a result of those solutions or in the process of formulating those solutions.

Sub Cultures From Which Criminal Behaviour Arises Criminology Essay

Sub Cultures From Which Criminal Behaviour Arises Criminology Essay Clarke et al. describe culture as the way social relations of a group are constructed, acknowledged and interpreted by its members. A subculture differs in its focal concerns but will also share some things in common with the culture from which it derives; also known as the parent culture. Subcultures must exhibit a unique structure focused on certain activities, beliefs and so on, that visibly distinguish them. Nevertheless, as they are sub-sets, there must be significant things that bind them with the parent culture. For example, the Kray twins were part of a criminal subculture and the working class culture in East London. Subcultures can be characterized by a distinctive language, music taste, dress sense, hairstyle and lifestyle understood and shared by its members. Examples include rockers, Rastafarians or punks. Criminal subcultures on the other hand, may share most of these characteristics, but will hold an alternative value system that accepts delinquent behaviour. Richard C loward and Lloyd Ohlin state that a delinquent subculture is one in which certain forms of delinquent activity are essential requirements for the performance of the dominant roles supported by the subculture (1960: 7). Criminal subcultures are normally found among lower class young males from large urban areas (Cloward Ohlin, 1960; Croall, 1998). This essay will look at a brief history of Robert Mertons work and the input of the Chicago School and associated theorists such as Edwin Sutherland to provide an understanding of how and why American subcultural theories developed thereafter. These approaches will be looked upon in assessing the works of Albert Cohen (1955) and Cloward and Ohlin (1960). Other works will be discussed such as Gresham Sykes and David Matza (1957) and Walter Miller (1958) to critique American subcultural theories. Finally, this shall be followed by work that emerged from Britain including David Downes and the Birmingham University Centre for Contemporary Cult ural Studies (CCCS). Other key factors influencing the nature of subcultures will be raised in order to provide a substantiated conclusion. Croall (1998) and Newburn (2007) both argue that American subcultural theory emerged from research carried out by the Chicago School in the 1930s on cultures, street life and delinquent gangs in Chicago. It was found that certain subcultures in society have different values and attitudes that contribute towards crime and violence. Influential theorists such as Edwin Sutherland (1937) aimed to explain the nature and development of youth subcultures by suggesting that crime is a learned behaviour that takes place in specific groups with different behaviours, attitudes and peer group pressures. He argued further that those exposed to more criminal than non-criminal values were more likely to adopt criminal values learnt through a process of differential association. This includes the techniques of committing a crime, motives, drives and rationalizations associated with crime. This differential association may differ in terms of frequency, duration, priority and intensity. Individuals th erefore become criminal due to an increased number of definitions favourable to breaking the law over definitions unfavourable to violations (Fulcher Scott, 2003; White Haines, 2004; OBrien Yar, 2008). On the contrary, Robert Merton developed the Strain Theory (1938) to expand upon the concept of anomie first argued by Durkheim who suggested that anomie is a state of normlessness in society. Merton attempted to explain the breakdown of cultural and social structure that accompanied the Great Depression of 1930s America (Burke, 2005). Social institutions such as the mass media, education system and the state stressed that middle class material rewards and success of the American Dream were achievable goals for individuals who worked hard to attain them, as argued by Merton. Unfortunately, working class male youths had different institutional means available to them. Moreover, they were ill prepared as they were not socialized to succeed in a middle class environment. They experienced strains associated with inappropriate structural opportunities to achieve culturally defined goals. For that reason, these blocked opportunities lead some people to form a delinquent subculture as a col lective solution to pursue alternative criminal avenues. Mertons theory therefore indicates that strains do not reside within the individual but are produced by wider social processes and structures (Croall, 1998, Bilton et al. 2002). Merton developed five different ways in which individuals respond; conformism- people accept the culturally defined goals and institutionalized means of attaining them; innovation- individuals accept the culturally defined goals but lack the institutionalized means to attain them and therefore resort to crime; ritualism- people accept the naturally defined goals but cannot sustain them but continue to pursue institutional mean regardless of the outcome; retreatism- people reject both the culturally defined goals and institutionalized means of attaining them and retreat from society in different ways such as substance abuse; and rebellionism- people substitute their own cultural goals and institutionalized means in place of the conventional goals and me ans of achieving them (White Haines, 2004; Burke, 2005; Newburn, 2007). Merton is criticized for accepting the status quo and assuming that there is a consensus amongst everyone to pursue the middle class cultural goals of ambition, success and achievement, rather than acknowledging how powerful people define society and its goals. Also, the focus is merely upon working class crime thus Merton accepts the official recorded crime statistics which suggest that crime is mostly committed by the working class. This suggests that the strain theory fails to consider structural inequalities for example how the capitalist system marginalizes and labels lower classes and criminalizes their activities. In addition to this Merton ignores other crimes like white collar or corporate crimes which are equally or even more damaging to society. Finally, though there may be some strain underpinning criminal behaviour, Merton does not fully explain why some individuals respond with delinquent behaviou r and others do not (White Haines, 2004, Fawbert, 2013). A different argument is provided by Albert Cohen in Delinquent Boys (1955) who developed the subcultural theory of Status Frustration. He criticized Merton for focusing on acquisitive property crime alone. Cohen argues that lower-class boys fail to attain the middle-class standards of success, suffer cultural deprivation, unemployment, educational failure and broken homes. For Cohen, the school was where lower class youth understood their choices were constrained by society (White Haines, 2004). As a result, they experience status frustration and reject mainstream goals. A delinquent subculture is formed as a collective response to these social problems. Individuals invert middle class values and therefore engage in negativistic malicious crimes such as vandalism in search for status rather than material success (Bilton et al. 2002; Terpstra, 2006, Fawbert, 2013). This notion is supported by Paul Willis study Learning to Labour (1981). Walter B. Miller disagrees with Cohens view tha t delinquents value middle class beliefs and invert them by acting out their frustration via negativistic crime. Miller developed the lower-class cultural theory (1958) that focused on gang delinquency and argued that the lower class has a separate, identifiable culture distinct from the culture of the middle class. (p.27). He argues that it has its own value system which naturally produces crime, thus a young person who conforms to lower-class values automatically becomes criminal. According to Miller (1958) lower-class culture is characterized by focal concerns; toughness, smartness, autonomy, excitement, fate and trouble. Therefore, a criminal subculture stands independently from middle-class culture and draws its beliefs and practices from its parent lower class culture (Glick, 2005; Terpstra, 2006). Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin (1960) criticize Albert Cohen for failing to explain why different types of delinquency take different forms. They argue that all classes share the same societal goals of success and wealth, however, the working class is deprived of gaining these goals. Illegitimate opportunity structures will arise in situations where the cultural goals are still pursued, but legitimate opportunities are lacking. Cloward and Ohlin therefore accept Mertons view that denied legitimate access to available opportunities results in working class criminality. Cloward and Ohlin stress that delinquents have withdrawn their support from established norms and have invested officially forbidden norms of conduct with a claim to legitimacy in the light of their special situation (1960: 19-20). Cloward and Ohlin suggest working class youth will share their own delinquent subcultural values dependent on different environments that provide different opportunities for crime (White Ha ines, 2004; Burke, 2005; Glick, 2005, Shildrick, 2006). Cloward and Ohlin (1960) provide three different types of subcultures which are a form or adaptation from the blocked opportunities given by the dominant social order. First is the criminal subculture found in areas with a pre-existing criminal culture whereby prestige is allocated to those who attain material success via illegal means of securing income such as property theft. To succeed within this subculture, one should cultivate appropriate connectionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦andà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦promote an apprenticeship à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦with older and successful offenders (1960: 23). Second is the conflict subculture found in areas with high gang warfare and where the aim is to acquire a reputation for toughness and destructive violence (1960: 25). The manipulation of violence allows for individuals to gain status and prestige amongst their peers. The third type is retreatist subculture and it involves those that have failed to succeed both legitimately or otherwise; a double failure. Individuals or groups engage in a hedonistic existence and are culturally and socially detached from the life-style and everyday preoccupations of members of the conventional world (1960: 25). Alcohol or drug consumption becomes a way of life. All three subcultures are alike in that norms that guide behaviour are opposite to the norms of mainstream society. Cloward and Ohlin accept that these subcultures may sometimes overlap one another but overall their theory shows how working class delinquency is not due to material gain only (Croall, 1998; Newburn, 2007; Fawbert, 2013). Alternatively, David Matza 1964 argued that subcultural theory was guilty of over-predicting delinquency and ignoring human agency by providing an over deterministic view of human behaviour as influenced by society. Gresham Sykes and David Matza (1957) developed the Delinquency and Drift Theory that rejects subcultural theories and argues that working class youth subcultures form as a way of expressing particular subterranean values such as hedonism, adventure, thrill seeking and risk. Skyes and Matza argue that these are shared with mainstream society but expressed in different contexts. Mainstream society expresses these values and deferred gratification during their leisure time, whereas delinquents express these at the wrong time and place. Subcultures are seen to disregard the work ethic and enjoy pleasures that have not been earned through work (Fulcher and Scott, 2003). Further, similar to Cohens view, delinquents do not fully reject middle class goals, but regularly use techn iques of neutralization or deviance disavowal to justify their criminal actions (Shields Whitehall, 1994). One technique is the denial of responsibility such as suggesting that their action was accidental or blame it on their parents. Second is the denial of the victim by suggesting that the victim deserved it. Third is the denial of injury which involves the criminal refuting that their behaviour caused any real harm and was just for fun. Fourth, is condemning the condemners by suggesting that the police are corrupt for example. Lastly, an appeal to higher loyalties whereby other norms other than legal ones are more important and are worth protecting loved ones even if it means perverting the law (White Haines, 2004; Glick, 2005; Newburn, 2007; Fawbert, 2013). All in all, Matza and Sykes suggest that norms and values of subculture allow for criminality but do not demand it, particularly from the lower working class. Mainstream values influence criminals, thus subculture of delinquency is loose-knit as only a few members are full time committed and most drift between conformity and deviance (Fawbert, 2013 and Skyes Matza, 1957; Croall, 1998; Newburn, 2007). On the other hand, Skyes and Matza are criticized by Newburn (2007) and Downes (1966) for denying that there are distinct groups with their own distinctive values. Instead, they suggest that all people share delinquent subcultural values. The subcultural theories that have been looked at developed in America and were not always relevant to Britain where violent or criminal gangs were rarer. British work on subcultures developed from the work by Birmingham Universitys Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) established by Richard Hoggart in 1964, which criticized American approaches. The CCCS followed a Marxist perspective and focused on subcultures based around particular styles such as teds, rockers, skinheads and so forth. Rather than individual problems of status, the Birmingham school regarded subcultures as a working class young people solution to the problematic societal conditions. They argued that youth may face the double failure of not being able to achieve the goals of their parent culture or dominant culture as each new generation faces its own problems regarding local economic conditions. For example Stan Cohen (1972) suggested that working class youth subcultures in 1960s and 70s Britain develope d due to housing and employment changes that affected the working class as a whole. Communities broke down and many traditional jobs disappeared. Thus he argues that the latent function of subcultures is to express and resolve the contradictions unresolved in the parent culture (Clarke et al., 1976, Croall, 1998; Young, 2006). Croall (1998) argues that David Downes (1966) who carried out work on criminal youths in London found that they did not conform to the image suggested by American subcultural theorists, Cohen and Cloward Ohlin. Instead, delinquent activities were seen as fun mostly by youth with poor education and they did not display frustration at their lack of success. Rather than being opposed to mainstream values they were dissociated from middle class values within school or work settings. These youths formed a subculture where delinquent activities were an appealing solution to a leisure problem that simply occurred in their social circumstances. This is because they could not participate in middle class leisure pursuits (Glick, 2005, Muncie, 2009). In addition to this, Downes also argues that Matzas model under predicted delinquency. It appears as though crime is a working class male phenomenon, but this may be because of bourgeois assumptions about criminality. Crime statistics are measured in a positivist way and have shown that the lower working class have a greater tendency to commit crime. Moreover, it is the powerful class that puts pressure on the police and the criminal justice system to create a culture that serves their interest and not attract the label of criminality. One problem with subcultural theories as a whole is that they tend to ignore certain aspects linked to culture such as gender and ethnicity as well as the conflicts between dominant and subordinate groups. In addition to this, Heidensohn also criticizes subcultural theories for determinism, selectivity, conformity and anomie (Fulcher Scott, 2003; Young, 2006; Newburn, 2007). Other points to consider include the effect of labeling individuals as delinquent which may result in a process of self-fulfilling prophecy. One example of this is Jock Youngs study (1971) which found that 1960s hippie marijuana users, who took drugs as a social activity, developed a subculture that valued drug consumption only after they were labeled and targeted by the police. Regarding the mass media, moral panics are created through the amplified exposure of negative images of subcultures. These too exaggerate the activities of subculture and further reinforce dominant values and beliefs. Nevertheless, these theories have taken away the blame on the individual, as provided by classical theories of crime, and shifted it to social structures. Merton emphasized the strain between goals and means and the way criminal means would be used to attain goals where legitimate means such as education are lacking. Subcultural approaches by Cohen and Cloward and Ohlin, acknowledged the formation of subcultures as a response to a lack of status and opportunities supplied by cultural goals (White Haines, 2004; Clarke et al, 2006).

Leadership And Change Management At Mcdonalds Business Essay

Leadership And Change Management At Mcdonalds Business Essay McDonalds started his business in 1940 with 1st restaurant opened in San Bernardino, California by Richard. It was the result of the thoughts of two young brothers, Mac McDonalds and Dick who introduced a new revolutionary restaurant Speedee Service System in 1948 which was established on principles of the modern  fast-food restaurant. Speedee completely replaced with  Ronald McDonalds  by 1967. McDonalds as Trade Mark is time used on May 4, 1961, with the description of Drive In Restaurant Services and still continues until end of June, 2010. The logo M with double arched overlapping as trademark was introduced in Sep 13 1961. The double overlapped as trade mark symbol M as logo temporarily disfavoured by September 6, 1962. The modern double arched M symbol started in November 18, 1968. (McDonalds, 25 August, 2010, http://www.mcdonalds.co.uk ) Big Mac started in 1968, Egg McMuffin started in 1973, Happy Meal for children started in 1979 and Chicken McNuggets started in 1983 .At the present time, McDonalds have more than 31,000 restaurants in 119 different countries of the world of which a lot are franchised. (www.mcdonals.com.uk) McDonalds vision is to become worlds best and quick service experience restaurant for this purpose McDonalds delivering outstanding quality, service, cleanliness, and value, so that we make every customer in every restaurant smile. In mission statements includes best employer or our people in each community around the world, excellent operational for delivery to customers and enduring profitable growth by expanding the brand and leveraging strength of McDonalds through innovation and technology McDonald Corporation ,2010) Change and Resistance to Change: According to Rev Sharon Patterson that which people want to changes are babies who have wet diapers. We can be explained that change is the pain full processes in the place of work towards real physically changes are consists exciting incentives. (Bernerth, 2004) Change Process Model Though we all know and believe that success is change so every one want and need success because everyone want earning profit and want to hold this success but on the other hand we dont forget that every change have some resistances and resistance only in the response of change. (Duck, 1993) According to Duck (1993) bluntly he pointed out that Changes are strongly personal. According to Petersen (2002) many people consider that change basically factor of Fear and uncertainly and some Doubts. (Peterson, 2002) As change broadly accepted all over the world as usual from top management to down management and its also brings high management and those people who are in the capacity of manage by any management they always show resistances against the change before application of change or before forward change its duty of manager to make a such type framework which should be overcome over all resistance before implementation. (Peterson, 2002) Resistance to change can be defined as its an apparent attitude of organization employees or members who are declined to admit any change within organization. (Cheng and Petro Vic Lazar Vic, 2004). James Hunt says Resistance isnt an indication that something is wrong with what you are trying to change. It is an indication that something is happening. Ansoff defined Resistance as its only cause of creation unexpected delays and different types of costs or losses which create instabilities into the process of costs and instabilities into the process of planned change (Ansoff, 1988) Resistance is any employee behaviour trying to stop or delay in any change. (Bemmels and Reshef 1991) Real example of the change process and its implementation. British Airways. Past in 1981, British Airways hired on board of Directors a new chairperson.  When this chairperson joined, he noticed that the company was very unproductive and was wasting a lot of valuable resources in useless activities.  To make the organization efficient and increasing the profit ratio he decided to restructure the entire organization.  He realized that Change Methodology Management Plan is the best way to serve that purpose. (Jean Scheid, 2010) Systematically, the British airways started reducing workforce.  But, before started this, through his change management leadership, the chairman gave the all reasons for the restructuring and privatization of the company in order to prepare them for the future change.  He directed his company through a hard time that could have been terrible without  effective change management resistance communication just only through his Leadership Communication (Jean Scheid, 2010) Scope of the Change at McDonalds. Every organisation has different departments with their own value and importance. These departments have their own specific objective. Marketing is one of them department which is most important part of and company and organisation. So in McDonalds integrated market campaign has played vital role in development of business. This campaign has important goal is adopting latest rules and regulation of health and safety. That is latest styled of awareness about health and safety for the children by focusing the market. Through this IMC, McDonalds has launched new low fat healthy meal deal menu for children and try to give answer of awful advertising of the McDonalds. Moreover, McDonalds have basic aim to make customer happy and proving good healthy diet which is beneficial for the childrens and parent as well. McDonalds have offered new meal deal for childrens which are McKids deal especially for the healthy food of kids. In addition, for progress of business, McDonald has started new integrated marketing communications which has helped out in the advertisement and for convey the message to the customer. This new system has attracted the Childers more than parents. For adopting and accepting the responsibilities McDonalds has make team which will be handle the change as well. This type of strategies will bring change not only in marketing mix and will increase in sale and advertisement as well which will help to achieve their gaols, objective and success. McDonalds has faced many bad responses in the menu of children which is mostly issues were related to nutrition. So IMC has turned the McDonalds status in eyes of the customers. IMC is a developed way to focus on the aim and in progress of company. IMC has helped to promote the advertisement level. Basically purpose or scope of change in McDonalds is application of the integrated Integrated Communication (IMC) as essential part of the strategy of the marketing in McDonalds. In this way of change, very important area where we should attention is the advertisement and promotional activities of the McDonalds. Mostly promotional activities and advertisement campaign concerned with offering new services or any new products through any mode of communication. For this purpose there is lot of sources which are used to for this type advertisement or campaign by company. Basic purpose of this new change to concentrate on sales activities and promotional activities and try to increase sale of the company and this change give the important of Integration Marketing system as important part of the marketing strategy of the company. (McDonalds Corporation 2009) According to Forgeson and Green Basically there are three major categories of change resistances are organizational, group and individual. The following are resistance or conflicts faced by McDonalds during implementation of this change: McDonalds workers, customers, culture and behaviour. (Mabin, Forgeson Green, 2001) Resistances and Conflicts to change at McDonalds:   1st resistances due to reactions of the McDonalds staff and customers of the company, some employees are in favour of this new change and some are against this new change mean using the Integrated Marketing communication. Managers and some employees only against this change due to fear, they think might be this change instead of resolving problem it will increase the problems of the company. There are not only employees have negative reaction towards this change but also customers are not showing positive reaction towards this campaign so it lead o another conflict in the shape of not positive attitude of customers towards this new change in this way McDonalds cant achieve benefit from this change as whole of the company.   One more resistance against this new change of the company the shortage of qualified personnel in company who assigned the maintaining these tasks to maintaining crew and application of this new marketing change but they are not much professional so this is the conflict in the way of new change. The fear of stakeholders of McDonalds for insufficient budget and ineffective use of different mass communication for this new change and chance of failure of this new change is also conflict and resistance in the way of this new change. The difference in culture between the different employees of the organization is another inner conflict. Due to difference in cultures in McDonald in different members of the company so in this way they unable to do work in pleasant environment and in good way and also this cultural leads to create difficulties in the way of implementation of new change in organization. According to Wilkins Dyer the management of the McDonalds and main administration of the McDonald must point out empowerment of the culture of the organization mean the empowerment culture of the McDonalds and should also identify the relation between the empowerment of the culture and planed system of the McDonalds and also relation between both empowerment and culture (Wilkins Dyer, 1988). Recommendation: In restaurant industry managers play vital role in any change so in this way what McDonalds managers pay specific attention at the time of implementation and initiating change towards reducing possible resistances and achieve better organization performance. Manager is the person who initiating and start the change and employees have to accept and adopt it. Through Effective communication, awareness of manager actions, employees attitude and harmonious working situation can be overcome resistances to change and also play important role in attaining better organizational performance. Process for change implementation in Restaurant Industry Effective communication is the most important components in restaurant industry and played a vital role in the success of organizational operations. Effective communication is very important among the managers and employees and among the employees to employees. Good listening skills are the essential for a successful manager of any organization especially in fast growing fast food industry. Before, after and during the change process managers should carefully listen to the employees opinion and should modify the new change according to the opinion of the employee. For implementation of successful change in organization it is compulsory for manager he should always alert regarding employees reaction towards change. McDonalds Managers should realize that if employees against that change and dont want to cooperate with them so in this way customer service delivery will get worse. Conflict may arise amongst colleagues and managers when employees resist change. In this way employees may not perform well which directly effecting reputation of restaurant and might be it will also become cause of resignation of employees. So before implementation of new change McDonalds managers listen very carefully arguments of employees and change the situation according the time need and should avoid the create bad environment in which employees proved poor environment for work and end all go for resignation. Not only this but also they should encourage the employees for better service and development of performance of the company as well as the employees. There should be a proper action of plane for development of or improvement of different customer services and development in working environment within the organization. This strategy or procedure will always encourage to managers as well employees to sure things are well done. We should understand that improvement is with only change. If there is no improvement, it means no change in this way restaurant become sluggish due to not improvement and any other reason like occurring unforeseen and unexpected circumstances in the restaurant and this way it will very difficult to maintain that position in market and compete the competitors. Managers should also provide a pleasant environment to employee for keeping happy to workers and happy workers are great part of high performance and great motivation. Well motivated staff is in this position to do work in good manners and in good pleasant way and strong relations with their colleagues. Its duty of managers to provide and keep very good and pleasant environment for work and we well know a good pleasant environment always get good result and a poor and boring environment always get a poor result and this the negative impact on the repute of the restaurant (A Paton, R. and Maccalman, J. ,2008) Further more, the success of the new change is still under process and difficult to convert the children attitude towards healthy fast food meals. But at the other hand, there are very strong chance for this success due to strong campaign and promotion activates for prompting the characteristics of the this new change. Furthermore, McDonalds should assure the message has been reached to every child in 119 countries where McDonalds is serving for this purpose help from every type media is the best strategy. There should be a new theme for new advertisement I love it even more! and hopefully this new theme and way of advertisement will inspire the parents and also encourage the childrens towards healthy food. This campaign should be long lasting, strong concerned on healthy characteristics of this new change and should be in friendly way like kiddie-friendly way. If McDonalds carefully make plan and use best strategy and good and effective method for implementation of this new change so there are bright chance of the success of this new change and in this way company can achieve very easily mission and objectives of the company. The most concerned of this company to give image of health conscious which is good match with the latest trend of health conscious measures for this world and also for the future world. Conclusion: According to Beverage the management change leaders must be willing to keep their fingers on the pulse of the organization, by monitoring what is working and what is not working and in the change process.   It is duty of managers to reassure, support and take commitment before application of this new change and for getting positively and good result of this new change. The managers should make a strong strategy and should make strong plans of actions regarding this change before implementation of this change and for making this successful. (Beverage (2003) Therefore, we can be concluded now that changes of management is not bad until they enhance the competitiveness and power of an industry. If any change implicated through proper planning and investigation so it will be very effective and will also increase the performance of the organization. So organizations should impose the any change at the right time when studies proved that no time of change. Because we dons forget the change management system not only critical and complex but also very sensitive so only one wrong decision of any company in any change might be it push company to in under clouds and prove harmful for organization profit and inspite giving development instead company feel difficult to survive in perfect market. This is strongly recommendation for McDonalds that must see and again and again ensure that future changes are well very planned there implication is very carefully because these changes will be cause of the success /or failure of any company.

attention deficit disorder :: essays research papers

In 1917 and 1918 there was a worldwide outbreak of encephalitis. Many children showed ADD like symptoms afterwards, leading doctors to further speculate that the disorder was the result of brain damage, resulting in perhaps the first names for ADD, Post-Encephalitic Disorder and Minimal Brain Damage. When it was later learned that these children were not brain damaged after all, the name changed to Minimal Brain Dysfunction. In 1937 doctors first reported evidence that stimulant medication helped relieve the symptoms of hyperactive children. These reports were largely ignored until the 1950's, when there was a rapid increase in the use of drug therapy in psychiatry. By the mid 1960's, stimulant medication had become a common treatment for hyperactivity. In 1960 Stella Chase and other researchers began to write about "hyperactive child syndrome," which they believed to have a biological, rather than environmental cause. In 1965 the American Psychiatric Association established a diagnostic category for what was now called Hyperkinetic Reaction of Childhood. In spite of the work of Chase and others, this condition was still largely believed to be caused by the child's environment, rather than being biological in origin. As a result, poor parenting was often blamed for ADD behavior. Over the next 15 years, research began to reveal the neurological origin of ADD. One of the many who studied ADD in the 1970's was Canadian psychologist Virginia Douglas. She is credited with identifying four major characteristics of the syndrome: deficits in attention and effort, impulsivity, problems in regulating arousal levels and a need for immediate reinforcement. It was largely due to Douglas's work that in 1980 the American Psychiatric Association established a new diagnostic category, Attention Deficit Disorder With or Without Hyperactivity. In 1987 the APA revised the name to Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder. More recently, with growing

The Physics of Downhill Skiing Essay -- Skiing Physics Essays

The Physics of Downhill Skiing You can hardly believe that the day you’ve been waiting for has arrived. After all this time of waiting patiently, Mother Nature has finally decided to cooperate by letting it snow. It was a miracle. The ski resorts had finally opened and in just a few minutes you’d be off the ski lift and ready to soar to the bottom of the mountain. Even though it’s your first time on skis, you’re sure you won’t have any problems. After all, you’re a pretty athletic individual, and you’ve watched skiing on the television during the winter Olympics. Your moment of reflection is put to a halt as your friend slaps you on the chest telling you it’s time to get off. You attempt to leave the chair, but your body quickly makes contact with the cold hard ground. After a long hard day of trying to make it down the hill you head home frustrated and ready to sell your new skis. Your skiing partner tries to console you by telling you that skiing is a complicated sport that involves a lot of physics. The next day you do some research. As you learn more about the physics involved in the sport of skiing, your struggles on the hill are put into prospective. The sport of skiing relies on the physics of Newton’s three laws of motion, gravity, and the concepts of potential and kinetic energy. The force that allows the skier to head down the hill is gravity. An inexperienced skier may find that gravity causes them to move down the hill faster than they’d like. What is gravity? We all know that gravity is the force that makes a ball, which has been thrown into the air, fall to the ground. Gravity is the force that the earth exerts on an object. As the skier heads down the hill the earth is pulling the skier towards its cen... ...t the amount of physics involved in downhill skiing. Gravity, energy, and Newton’s three Laws of Motion, are all concepts of physics that greatly affect the sport of skiing. If a beginner skier would take the time to examine these concepts they may find an explanation to why their first day at the ski hill didn’t go as expected. Works Cited Kirkpatrick, Larry D., Wheeler, Gerald F. Physics: A World View. Forth ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt College Publishers, 2001. Lind, David, and Scott P. Sanders. The Physics of Skiing at the Triple Point. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996. Mears, Annie. â€Å"Physics of Alpine Skiing.† 18 May 2002. 23 April 2003. Swinson, Derek B. â€Å"Physics and Skiing.† The Physics Teacher 30 Nov 1992, 30. The Physics Classroom. 21 April 2003.

Essay on Names in The Odyssey and The Bible -- comparison compare cont

Importance of Names in The Odyssey and The Bible      Ã‚   Two of the most widely studied ancient works are Homer’s Odyssey and the book of Genesis from the Bible.   Each of these texts provides a unique viewpoint of an early civilization.   In both of the texts, one can learn not only stories about great heroes, but also about the way that these peoples lived and what they believed.   Many interesting parallels can be drawn between the two developing societies shown in the Odyssey and the book of Genesis.   One parallel is the importance placed on names by each culture. Although viewed as important in different ways, the value placed on a name shows a striking similarity between the evolving cultures of both the Greeks and the Hebrews.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Odyssey, Homer’s characters frequently allude to the importance of names.   For these ancient Greeks, a name symbolizes one’s identity, ancestry, and honor.   It is the one thing a man always owns, even if he possesses nothing else.   This is clearly shown through the hero, Odysseus.   While traveling home from the Trojan War, Odysseus, in effect, loses his title, land, and power for twenty years.   He remains with nothing but his name to speak for his character and person.   As he himself says at the beginning of Book IX when beginning to tell his story to the Phaiacians, â€Å"First of all I will tell you my name, and then you may count me one of your friends if I live to reach my home, although that is far away.   I am Odysseus Laertiades, a name well known in the world as one who is ready for any event.†Ã‚   Although away from his home and all things that could speak well of him, Odysseus is still in possession of his nam e, which clearly shows his good character.   This speech of Odysseus also show... ... to be carefully guarded, for if everything else is lost, it remains forever.   Thus, there is nothing more precious to a man than to have a name that carries intrinsic honor and meaning throughout his whole life.   A man is defined by who he is, and that is shown best through his name.   As clearly shown in the texts, to have a good name and to be remembered by it ought to be the main goal for any and every man.    Works Cited and Consulted Bloom, Harold ,   Homer's Odyssey: Edited and with an Introduction, NY, Chelsea House 1988 Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. A commentary on Homer's Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford PA4167 .H4813 1988 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Tracy, Stephen V. ,The Story of the Odyssey Princeton UP 1990 The Holy Bible. New Revised Standard Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1989.

Various Types of Drivers

Various Types of Drivers Drivers come in many different forms and each carry their own characteristics. When on the road, one can experience several different drivers and their driving habits. The different drivers you experience during your journey may result in many things such as you being late to your destination or even become part of a car crash. Most motorists would like to make it to where they need to go on time, but how they get there depends on their style of driving as well as the types of drivers they encounter along the way.Despite the many driving skills motorists may come across during their journey, they should always drive safely following the rules of the road to avoid any dangerous car collisions. The various types of drivers can be broken down into three categories which include non-obedient, careful and reckless. Non-obedient drivers are often the ones who disrupt traffic and sometimes cause traffic jams. They have poor judgment in performing road tasks such as making turns, using their indictors when necessary and drifting within a traffic lane.These motorists lack the ability to change behavior in unexpected or dangerous situations. They have a tendency to slow down traffic, aggravate other drivers and cause inconvenience for other motorists. They fail to function properly and the proficiency to focus quickly is nonexistent. This causes avoidable accidents and puts their lives as well as others in danger. For instance, there was a time where my mother and were watching the news and a middle aged woman switched from the right lane into the left lane without using her indicator.The fact that she fail to signal that she was merging into the next lane resulted in her getting rear ended by another driver. Had she done the simple task of using her indicator, this rear end collision could have been avoided. Motorist who are more precautious and careful while behind the wheel tend to have a more decent style of driving. They are usually more lik ely to follow the rules of the road. This includes wearing their seatbelt at all times, using their indicators and driving by the appropriate speed limit.They usually have steady concentration while on the road, which allows their mind to be fully focused while driving. These drivers have a good idea of what is happening in their surroundings and have keen awareness skills which are vital when driving. There was a time when my mom and I were driving and approached a four-way street. The roads on our left and right were obligated to stop and the road in front of us and the only we were driving on had no stop signs. Although we were not required to stop we did.Had we continued driving we would have been involved in car accident because a driver required to stop ran the stop sign and would have crashed directly into us. Careful drivers not only look out for themselves but for other motorist as well to ensure the safety of all drivers while on the road. Drivers that have the least respe ct for other motorist or the can be known to have a reckless style of driving. These drivers can sometimes be very dangerous because they are not afraid to get a bit irresponsible while on the road.For example they do things like run stop signs, traffic lights and make illegal turns. Motorist like this have a tendency to weave in and out of traffic at fast speeds with no regard for other drivers. For example my brother and I were driving on the highway and one motorist was driving at speed way above the 60mph speed limit. This driver switched in and out of lanes without using their indicators and cut many people off almost causing fatal car accidents. Actions such as these puts many innocent lives at risk and force people to be more aware of their surroundings.The driving skills people have may vary. Many drivers experience the different types of motorist on a daily basis. Drivers should always follow the rules of the road and avoid any distractions while driving. Many drivers fail to do so putting themselves and others at risk. This can result in fatal car crashes that could have been avoided if motorists were more cautious when driving. Drivers should always maintain good driving skills, not only to guarantee their own safety but the safety of others while on the road.

Supporting Young Children through Family Loss

Because she was the primary caregiver hile you were at work, the baby may feel a bit disconnected or vulnerable. Possible ways that an infant may respond to a family death. You may notice a bit of a change in the babys personality while she adjusts to the change, but maintaining consistency is going to help her immensely. We want her to feel safe and secure. Specific advice from experts on how to help an infant through a family loss. Because children of this age do not understand the concept of death, you may not have to get into much detail. The most crucial thing is going to be to make sure that the baby keeps a constant routine.Keeping ner routine as normal as possible will help get back that feeling of being safe and connected. Part II: Supporting a Toddler Developmental information about what a toddler may feel, believe, or understand about a family death. A lot like the baby, Toddler may not understand the concept of death but will undoubtedly experience a sense of loss from hi s life. He knows that grandma was a constant, daily fixture. Normally at this age, there is a large component of â€Å"out of sight, out of mind† however once Toddler realizes that there is a prolonged and consistent absence, he will experience grief.Also be aware that he ay be sensing and picking up your feelings and reacting to them, or become irritable, this is quite normal. There are also some other signs of grief that Toddler might experience. Possible ways that a toddler may respond to a family death. Some toddlers do experience a shift in personality or are irritable. Most of the time this is temporary, however some personality changes may happen and this is part of the coping process. Sometimes a child's view of the world is altered by trauma and causes the changes to be permanent.You may also notice that there is a loss of appetite or he may even select only certain types of food. He should work his way back to normal eating again. If it persists for more than a coup le of weeks, see your doctor. Sleep might be affected, either not sleeping or being afraid of falling asleep alone. This problem should diminish over time. Specific advice from experts on how to help a toddler through a family loss. The best advice for helping Toddler is going to be to maintain his sleep, feeding and activities routine as much as possible.This will help him regain his sense of connection and balance. If you do notice a decrease in activity and see him Just lying limply be aware that this is a normal part of the process. Try to offer opportunities for activity and play every day until he responds. Be patient with him. You may also see him regressing to previous activities. Being patient is going to be crucial for him. Part Ill: Supporting a Preschooler Developmental information about what a preschooler may feel, believe, or understand about a family death. Preschooler may experience a couple of things to be on the look-out for.Letting Preschooler know that she didn't do anything to cause grandma's death and that there is nothing that you can do to bring her back. Sometimes children develop something called â€Å"magical thinking† where they think hat they either caused the death, could have prevented it or that the person who will come back like a cartoon character. It is not uncommon for a child to continue to believe that the family member is still alive. It is absolutely 0k for you and your family to show emotion around her. This is healthy for her to see. I know how hard this time is for you.Do not add on the extra burden of trying to hide your feelings around the children. Possible ways that a preschooler may respond to a family death. Using the proper term for death is appropriate for Preschooler, so that she can understand and begin get on the road to acceptance. Take cues about attending the funeral from Preschooler. She will let you know. If she is frightened of going, do not force her. Grief is often cyclical and Preschooler ma y show grief now, and as she enters into her teenage years, she may grieve again. That is perfectly normal when a child loses a loved one in their early years.Three specific ideas or activities the family can do at home to help a preschooler through a family loss. You can offer her an alternative way to remember her like a memorial in grandma's house, releasing balloons with messages or writing a letter. She will show you how she can best grieve right now. Let Preschooler talk as little or as much about grandma as possible, keep in mind that she may be non-verbally communicating her feelings about the death through play. Acknowledge her and let her communicate in the way that she knows how. References: KidsAid. (n. d. ).Young children and grief. Retrieved February 13, 2009, from http:// kidsaid. com/dougypage. html Hecker, B. (2005). Magical thinking: Children may blame themselves for a parent's illness and death. Retrieved from http:// medicalcenter. osu. edu/viewer/Pages/index. as px? p=413 The National Institute for Trauma and Loss in Children. (n. d. ). Infant and toddler grief. Retrieved February 13, 2009, from http://www. tlcinst. org/toddlergrief. html EDUC 1006 Application Assignment Evaluation Criteria Application Assignments are worth a maximum of 400 points for the entire course.Note: For privacy purposes, you may not include the actual name of any student, parent, or professional referenced in the assignment. In this course there are five graded Application Assignments. Each is worth a maximum of 80 points, which will be awarded as follows: 64-80 points Response demonstrates a full understanding and correct use of the concepts and/or strategies as presented in the Learning Resources. Response follows directions and includes all components indicated in the instructions. If requested, references are included and properly cited.Writing demonstrates mastery of all criteria for high academic literacy standards as indicated in â€Å"Writing Across the Cu rriculum† (see below). 41-63 points Response demonstrates a general understanding and correct use ot the concepts and/or strategies as presented in the Learning Resources. Response follows directions and includes most components indicated in the instructions. If requested, references are included and properly cited. Writing demonstrates mastery of most riteria for high academic literacy standards as indicated in â€Å"Writing Across the Curriculum† (see below). 0 or fewer points Response demonstrates a minimal understanding and correct use of the concepts and/or strategies as presented in the Learning Resources. Response does not follow all directions and is missing components indicated in the instructions. If requested, references are not included and properly cited. Writing is unclear and/or disorganized. Thoughts are not expressed in a logical manner. Few criteria for high below) are followed. Writing Across the Curriculum Walden University is committed to high acade mic literacy standards.To develop these skills in students, this course has a strong emphasis on written assignments which may include content review questions, application assignments, case study analyses, observations, and online discussions. All assignments are expected to meet the following standards: 1 . Clear central idea carefully and coherently developed and with intended emphasis 2. Correct grammar; no persistent mechanical errors 3. Neat appearance with evidence of having been carefully proofread 4. Academic integrity and honesty 5. Full documentation of research work 6. References cited using APA style (except in discussion postings)

Wall Street Crash

The businessman and two university students talked about their political point of view. Moreover, the boy looked at the businessman, stared at him, without once blinking his eyes or shifting his stare. The businessman knew about that so he struck up a conversation with the young boy and asked him that who he traveled with. The boy answered that his father was along and led them the way to find his father.Therefore, he minted at a long box and said there was his father who was shot in Detroit. The businessman promised that he would fix that immediately. That is a reason why one of the students laughed and asked about the millions of America lost their jobs and many also lost all their savings. In the story, the businessman who had a social position met the young boy whose father was shot in Detroit. The crisis of this story is the boy stared the businessman without once blinking eyes or shifting stare. Moreover, the boy led the way to find his father and pointed at a long box where hi s father was there and told he reason why his father died.The conflict is showed about the differences between rich and poor or knowledge between people who are on the outside and people who are on the inside. In addition, the businessman promised that he would fix the mistake – just for the boy, it is the story's central conflict resolved. With regard to me, I think as one on the students in this story that this resolution of the businessman is not satisfying and logical. Because this mistake do not make only the boy and his father were borne, the million people bore it too. With the foreshadowing, the look of boy for the businessman was a staring.It was just like a curious look; but it was also a vague look. The author arranges the causal connections between events are clear and logical because in the beginning of story, the † I † character got on the train and he met the order characters then they had had a conversation before they found the boys father. In thi s story, the boy and the businessman are the story protagonist because they are two characters who have connection with the other characters and become the factors to resolve any vents or situations. The AD character is the boy and the businessman.The AD character is two university students and the † I † character because the boy and the businessman were showed their character clearly by the author. For instances, the boy showed eagerness, curiousness and his thinking apparently, when the businessman and two students had a conversation or when the businessman asked him where his father was and his thinking about the massacre at Detroit. With the businessman, he presented his angry and abrupt feeling or an expression of satisfaction on his face when one of dents had a wrong or right answer for his questions.Moreover, the businessman showed a sharp gasping feeling when the boy pointed his father's place. With two university students and the † † character, they are the antagonists so the author do not present carefully their actions and feeling on each event. Like the † I † character, we cannot see the character's speech all through the story. In addition, two university students showed their felling when they felt angry with the businessman's answer for their wonder – riots and disturbances. With regard to the story setting, it was written in early sass.This story describes an episode that takes place on a train going away from Detroit to come New York. At this time, in any trains, they were the major means of travel for both rich and poor people of the united States. Moreover, â€Å"On the outside† shows the reader to see the effect of recovering economically from the stock market crash of 1 929 through ten years. It made millions of American lost their jobs and many also lost their savings, become poor and did not have anything. In the story, the author uses metaphor for he depraved economic to make poor people do not have the justice at this time.In addition, the simile was used to compare the thinking about riots and disturbances between rich people and poor people. The author also used the synecdoche to talk about rich people and poor people at this time and the character of synecdoche is the businessman- rich people, the boy and his father – poor people. The style and language of this story are informal because the author uses the short sentences for all answers and † Bosh † is an impolite word which the businessman said with student when they gave a rang meaning about riots and disturbances.In † On the outside the † I † character is the author. The fur coat was worn by the businessman and made him sunk deep in it which is a key factor. Therefore, we can easily see that a fur coat showed for us to know and imagine about the rich of businessman. In this story, the author used the first narrator. Finally, the story was named after† On the outsi de † because the author wanted to imply that people who are not in one or some troubles do not know and understand about the internal problems and meaning of these problems.