Cadences of Sacrifice - Literature Essay Samples

Music has historically been a means of expression and a way of portraying the conditions of the time in which it was written, and the feelings and circumstances of the person by which it was created. This way of expression through music can be seem in the poem Burying blues for Janis, by Marge Piercy; in this poem, Janis Joplin is portrayed as pouring her soul out, through her music, and the poem casts her in a different light than society typically saw her. The words of the poem portray Janis as a strong voice which recounts the hardship that women must endure in men-women relationships. Similarly to Janis Joplin, Joni Mitchell is another timeless and unique voice that describes the relationships between men and women, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s (Hedley 17). Through their lyrics, Janis Joplin and Joni Mitchell describe the condition of women in the 1960s and 1970s, and more specifically of themselves, as needing to sacrifice themselves and their own happiness in their r omantic relationships. Many songs by these musicians, including but not limited to, Piece of My Heart, and The Last Time, by Janis Joplin and I Had a King, and The Gallery by Joni Mitchell describe or allude to the sacrificial nature of romantic relationships. In Burying blues for Janis, Piercy insightfully describes how Janis performances of her music reveal her self-sacrifice. In the poem Burying blues for Janis Marge Piercy displays her ability to reach out to readers in a way that is identifiable but also revelatory (Payant 63). Her description of the way that Janis sings calls upon many of the things that audiences of Janis had likely believed about her yet were unable to express in words. In the first stanza of the poem, Piercy connects the voice of Janis to what she feels in her own life, in terms of being a woman when she says Your voice always whacked me right on the funny bone of the great-hearted suffering bitch fantasy that ruled me like a huge copper moon with its phases until I could partially, break free. Piercy is describing how Janis music and lyrics touched on a very particular idea or circumstance in her mind, which is that all women must suffer, especially at the hands of men and relationships. Piercy vividly describes the soulful raspy sound of Janis voice when she writes Your voice would grate right on the marrow-filled bone that cooks up that rich stew of masochism where we swim. The poem blatantly states what was earlier implied when it says Woman is born to suffer, mistreated and cheated. This statement is a radical one, but is a very prevalent theme in Janis music (Willet 8). Although Janis Joplins lyrics perhaps did not directly state these pessimistic circumstances, her voice, lyrics and the cadences of the music all expressed the depths of her soul in a way that let the listener know everything contained within (Willet 12) (Piercy 39). The circumstance of women described in the first stanza is beautifully summed up by the lines Never do we feel so alive, so in character as when were walking the floor with the all-night blues. The tone of these lines is subtly sarcastic, because of the words so in character. These words help to bring about the inevitability of women having to suffer. Piercy again demonstrates her keen ability to relate to the bleeding suffering hearts of women everywhere when she describes the effect of the absence of a man can have on a woman by writing, When some man not being there whos better gone becomes a lack that swells up to a gaseous balloon and flattens from us all thinking and sensing and purpose. This line is very identifiable, as most women can relate to pain and heartache brought on by the absence of a man that they care about, even if he is not good for them anyway. The lack of this man is difficult to deal with, and the essence of the lack acts as a constant pain that the woman is r eminded of, even when it flattens, and the pain should be gone, but is only in a different, less immediate form. This stanza deeply and strongly depicts the hardship women often face, due to men. Piercy not only accurately and uniquely describes Janis music and the way it relates to relationships and the suffering of women, but she also describes the struggle of women in a way that is undeniably true, even for somebody who has never listened to Janis Joplin music (Payant 79) (Piercy 39). In the second stanza of Burying blues for Janis, Piercy continues on with the theme of women being brought down by men, but she describes more about the necessary sacrifice which women are subjected to. This stanza ties together all of the related but not necessarily cohesive parts of the first stanza, and it also unquestionably reveals the main theme and Piercys main conclusion about Janis and her music. The very first line refers to Janis music as the downtrodden, juicy longdrawn female blues, which is powerful and also surprising, because it ties together the entire first stanza to form a bold conclusion about what Janis music does. For Piercy to describe her music as downtrodden is audacious and unprecedented as most audiences and listeners undoubtedly saw Janis as strong and confident; however, through the lyrics and sounds of her music, there is a certain theme of downtrodden blues (Willet 22). Piercy also writes that Janis life was fuel for her powerful music, which adds to th e depth of feeling in her music, as it is confessional and personal (Willet 15). The theme of Janis sacrifice becomes especially evident when Piercy writes, You embodied that good done-in mama who gives and gives like a fountain of boozy chicken soup to a rat race of men. This line is crucial to the overall theme of the poem, as it portrays the way that Janis sacrificed herself. She [gave] and [gave] to men, like a done-in mother; the words done-in portray her as used by men and as tired and as having little left of herself to give. The line like a fountain of boozy chicken soup represents the way in which she sacrifices herself; it is not in a wholesome way which allows her to reap happiness from it as well (Willet 25). The word boozy indicates that she is giving part of herself away in a way that is fickle and unhealthy, a way that will ultimately lead to no happiness or personal fulfillment (Piercy 39). Another section which describes this sacrifice and is very crucial in understanding this poem is, You embodied the beautiful blowzy gum of passivity, woman on her back to the world endlessly hopelessly raggedly offering a brave front to be fucked. Much of Janis Joplins and Joni Mitchells music deal with this circumstance; this describes Janis as willing to do anything to be loved, even to the extent of offering up herself to men who will not treat her with care. These lines are where the distinction is made between Janis raggedness as being a form of rebellion and her raggedness being a form of courage and a result of sacrificing herself. The final lines of the poem are the most raw and descriptive in their portrayal of Janis music and the inherent sacrifice when they say That willingness to hang on the meathook and call it love, that need for loving like a screaming hollow in the soul, thats the drug that hangs us and drags us down deadly as the icy sleet of skag that froze your blo od. Janis music touches a lot on the willingness to hang on the meathook and call it love in many different ways, but all sharing the common theme. It is evident that the theme through much of Janis Joplins music is about how relationships bring women down through the way that the need for loving like a screaming hollow in the soul drags people down. Piercy then makes a comparison between the need for love being the drug that hangs us and drags us down and the icy sleet of skag that froze [Janis] blood, which shows that she is attributing Janis death partly to her own self sacrifice and her need for love and willingness to hang on the meathook. Here Piercy implies that Janis sacrifice, which was well-intentioned and merely to serve her need for love, is what ultimately led to her death. The poem also implies that all women are subjected to such necessary sacrifice in order to be loved by men and that Janis Joplin is merely representative of this sad truth (Piercy 39). Much of the music of Janis Joplin and Joni Mitchell deals with the ways in which women are dragged down by relationships and how they sacrifice themselves. Janis Joplin has a unique and powerful way of making an audience of listeners feel her pain through her music and feel everything that she is saying as if they were experiencing it themselves. Therefore, it is easy to hear her music and feel personally connected and to identify with the words that she sings (Friedman 72). When Janis sings about relationships, the intensity of emotion is very evident, and the feelings of being done-in and of giving more and more of herself away, are very evident as well (Willet 25). The song Piece of My Heart is about how her relationship with a man brings her down and about how she sacrifices her own happiness in the relationship. Especially evident from the poem Burying the blues for Janis in the song Piece of My Heart is the fact that Woman is born to suffer, mistreated and cheated, and also the circumstance of woman on her back to the world endlessly hopelessly raggedly offering a brave front to be fucked. The song starts off with Janis asking the question Didnt I give you nearly everything that a woman possibly can? (Janis Joplin). This shows that she feels that while she gave everything possible, that he is still dissatisfied with her. The chorus of this song is very confessional, and gets at the main point of the song, when Janis sings Take another little piece of my heart now, baby/ Break another little piece of my heart now darling (Janis Joplin). From the way Janis sings these words, the listener can tell the depth of her feelings regarding the words she sings, and the lyrics show that she feels like a man is taking part of herself, and it is breaking her heart. This song is particularly about Janis feelings of emotional and mental suffering and of being mistreated, which is particularly made clear when she sings And each time I tell myself that I, well I cant stand the pain, But when you hold me in your arms, Ill sing it once again (Janis Joplin). These lyrics show Janis frustrations with her inability to let the rela tionship go, even though she knows it is not good for her, which leads back to the rich stew of masochism where we swim that Piercy wrote about (Willet 70). Janis lyrics often refer indirectly to her masochism or her self-destruction, which were often in the form of drugs and emotionally abusive or sacrificial relationships, which were problems that were perpetuated by men (Friedman 38). The lyrics of The Last Time by Janis Joplin also show a form of sacrifice and of hardship faced by Janis in a similar way, which is that of a man who is fickle and does not keep his word to her, yet she gives and gives like a fountain of boozy chicken soup. The song begins with Janis raspy, soulful voice pleading Make it the last time, make it the last time and the listener can already relate to her pleading, desperate voice. The lyrics of this song describe how Janis sacrifices her own happiness in order to love this man, whose love is inconsistent and only leaves her unhappy and unfulfilled in the end. The lyrics: And every time you leave I make the very same vow That when you come back I aint gonna love you no how. But when you return you look so fine to me I cant stand no more, my darling, its just got to be (Janis Joplin) and the way in which she sings them tell the reader of the way in which this relationship leaves her feeling down and feeling taken advantage of (Janis Joplin). It is apparent through the lyrics that Janis wants to stop herself from loving this man, and that he takes advantage of her weakness and of her love for him, in a way that causes her to sacrifice her own feelings. This song ends with Janis displaying her sensitivity and vulnerability when she sings Hold on to my heart, Ill believe it till youre leaving, Then Ill cry, yeah (Janis Joplin). When juxtaposed with the image most people have of the kind of musician Janis Joplin was, which is one who represents strength, hardness, and rebellion, these lyrics cause people to see her in a totally different light, especially due to the emotion and pain in her voice as she sings them (Willet 72). As Burying blues for Janis describes, Janis Joplin sings about her own personal suffering about sacrificing at the hands of relationships and m en, and she is a voice of the suffering of women in relationships, in general. Joni Mitchell is another female musician around Janis Joplins time who sings about personal sacrifice in relationships and the suffering women must endure. While Joni Mitchells style is different, many of her overall themes are very similar to those of Janis Joplin. Jonis song I Had A King describes in a very insightful and metaphorical way, how her marriage to a man she did not love caused her to sacrifice much of herself for a time (Joni Mitchell). The lyrics of this song that are most directly related to the sacrifice in the relationship are: I had a king in a salt-rusted carriage Who carried me off to his country for marriage too soon Beware of the power of moons Theres no one to blame No theres no one to name as a traitor here (jonimitchell.com) This song, with Jonis soft yet powerful and haunting voice and vividly metaphorical lyrics, describes her sacrifice involved in marrying a man too young, and how she feels that she sacrificed her happiness and a part of her youth. However, the lines Beware of the power of moons, Theres no one to blame, No theres no one to name as the traitor here, demonstrate that while she feels she sacrificed herself, she does not blame the man. She attributes the suffering and the mistake that she made to the power of moons and believes that there was no deliberate betrayal (Joni Mitchell). Yet her feeling of having sacrificed herself is very apparent in the sound and lyrics of the song. It is also apparent through the lyrics I had a king dressed in drip-dry and paisley Lately hes taken to saying Im crazy and blind He lives in another time Ladies in gingham still blush While he sings them of wars and wine But I in my leather and lace I can never become that kind. This verse shows that Joni feels that this man is from another time and that he does not understand her. This is evident through the fact that he calls her crazy and blind. Throughout this song, Joni does not blame the man for her circumstance, yet she still feels somehow violated and taken advantage of, likely by the pressures of society to be married, which pushes her into marrying the wrong man (Joni Mitchell). However, the end of this verse, while very sad and full of raw emotion, can also be seen as hopeful since Joni acknowledges that she has married the wrong man and concludes But I in my leather and lace, I can never become that kind. While the listener can identify with her sadness regarding having sold herself out for a time, it is clear that she will change her circumstances, particularly in the upcoming chorus: I cant go back there anymore,You know my keys wont fit the door,You know my thoughts dont fit the man, They never can they never can. The song ends with repetition of the phrase They never can, which she ends by singing very low and full of power. This represents a contrast between the music of Joni and of Janis. While Joni ends the song on a hopeful note, saying that she will not go back to her sacrificial circumstances, Janis ends many of her songs pleading with men, or singing the blues. Another song by Joni Mitchell which tells of a woman sacrificing herself in a romantic relationship, which Joni uses to represent her own personal circumstance, is The Gallery. This song is about being with a man who does not return to her all of the love which she gives him, and is possibly unfaithful. The fact that this man does not treat Joni as well as she treats him is portrayed by the lines I keep your house in fit repair, I dust the portraits daily, Your mail comes here from everywhere,The writing looks like ladies.' These lines show that while Joni tries to make keep this man happy in every way that she can, she suspects that he is being disloyal with her. However, this man pleads Lady, please love me now, I am dead. I am a saint, turn down your bed, and she is caught in the endless cycle of sacrifice and suffering. The song goes onto to say how Joni sacrificed many of her good years for his sake through the lyrics I gave you all my pretty years, Then we began to weather. And I was left to winter here, While you went west for pleasure. These lines embody the essence of this entire song, which is that of a woman who sacrifices herself for a man who she cares about, while he does not care for her nearly as much, and he does everything selfishly in order to please himself. The fact that this man left her after she gave him her pretty years and went to find pleasure through other women with no regard for her shows the incredible degree of sacrifice which was present in the relationship. This song connects back to that willingness to hang on the meathook and call it love that Piercy wrote about. It demonstrates how women in romantic relationships, much like Joni in this song, will often give up everything because of their need for loving, like a screaming hollow in the soul. Janis Joplin and Joni Mitchell are different in their approaches and in their musical style, but they both write about the suffering they have endured and the sacrifices they have made in relationships with men. Janis style is more rough and more ragged and more closely embodies the great-hearted suffering bitch fantasy that Piercy refers to in Burying Blues for Janis, while Joni is more metaphorical and subtle, in terms of both her lyrics and her voice. While it is Janis voice that tends more to grate on the bone, and she is more likely to perform in a way that more immediately comes across as the downtrodden juicy longdrawn female blues, both womens music shows that women are trained to that hothouse of exploitation and both women embody a woman on her back to the world endlessly hopelessly raggedly offering a brave front to be fucked, and the need for loving hangs and drags them both down (Piercy 39). Their voices and lyrical choice and even musical genre are all vastly different, but the ways in which the two women portray their relationships with men share many similarities. Both musicians depict their relationships with a great deal of suffering and sacrifice. In conclusion, while Joni Mitchell and Janis Joplin have very different music, there is a common theme that ties their music together. It is the theme that Marge piercy writes about in Burying Blues for Janis, which is self-sacrifice. As suggested by the words of the poem, Janis Joplin- and Joni Mitchell as well- are confessional musicians who express themselves and the greatest depth of their feelings through their music. Both of these women are strong and distinct voices who serve as accounts of sacrificial relationships which men subject women to. Through the writing of Marge Piercy, it is clear that Janis Joplin and Joni Mitchell are testaments to the suffering and sacrifice they had had to face in their own personal relationships, and also to the condition of women in the late 60s and early 70s. Works Cited Friedman, Myra. Buried Alive: the Biography of Janis Joplin. New York: Harmony, 1992. Print. Hedley, Jane. I Made You to Find Me: the Coming of Age of the Woman Poet and the Politics of Poetic Address. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 2009. Print. Janis Joplin Lyrics, Photos, Pictures, Paroles, Letras, Text for Every Songs. LYRICS Always On The Run Artists and Songs Daily Update since 1995 ! Web. 22 Dec. 2010. . Janis Joplin Lyrics, Photos, Pictures, Paroles, Letras, Text for Every Songs. LYRICS Always On The Run Artists and Songs Daily Update since 1995 ! Web. 22 Dec. 2010. . Joni Mitchell: Woman of Heart and Mind. Dvd. The Official Website of Joni Mitchell. Web. 22 Dec. 2010. . Payant, Katherine B. Becoming and Bonding: Contemporary Feminism and Popular Fiction by American Women Writers. Westport, Conn. U.a.: Greenwood, 1993. Print. Willett, Edward. Janis Joplin: Take Another Little Piece of My Heart. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow, 2008. Print.

A Parents Guide to Notre Dame

Paris may have its legendary cathedral, but when it comes to famous Catholic universities, there is only one Notre Dame - and its in South Bend, Indiana. Heres the scoop: everything a parent should know about the Golden Dome and the Fighting Irish. The College: This venerable university with its glowing Golden Dome and breathtaking gothic architecture dates back to 1842. Its founder, a 28-year-old French priest, named it after Our Lady of the Lake, Notre Dame du Lac. The school is known for its top-notch academics - it regularly appears on the U.S. News World Reports top 25 - as well as its famous athletic programs and a 1,250-acre campus that belongs on any most beautiful list. Its stunning.Your child does not have to be Catholic to go here, but you should know that mass is held daily, the campus has 47 chapels and its prayer grotto is modeled after the one at Lourdes. Spirituality is important here and community service part of the schools ethos. Notre Dames 12,000 students - a figure that includes 8,400 undergrads - attend classes on the semester system. But the single most important thing parents should know is that Notre Dame students are so very happy here, both academically and personally, that 95% of the freshmen retur n sophomore year. And 95% of those students end up graduating from Notre Dame. Only Harvard and Princeton boast better stats.The Tab: Of course, all that glory - and all those small class sizes - comes at a hefty price. Tuition at the University of Notre Dame was $41,417 in 2011-12. Some 80% of the universitys students live in the colleges 29 single-sex dormitories. Add room and board - $11,388 - to the tab for a grand total of $52,805 per year. There is no Greek system here, but students remain in the same residence hall for all four years, which creates a tight-knit sense of community.The College Town: Technically, Notre Dame is in its own small town of Notre Dame, just outside South Bend. But from a parent perspective, thats mere envelope addressing. South Bend is the college town, and its a very nice one indeed with all the benefits of cosmopolitan life and small-town charm. In addition to visiting your college kid, you can also hike the winding riverbank trails, go white water rafting on the East Race Waterway or head for the recreational possibilities of Lake Michigan.Notre Dame is a two-hour drive (90 miles or so) from Chicago, so youll likely fly into OHare - although South Bend has its own small airport too. Just be aware that Notre Dame is on Eastern time, Chicago on Central. Chicago makes a great hub for any college tour. There are scores of terrific universities - Purdue, Northwestern, Loyola and more - all within a few hours drive. But if your interest lies in Notre Dame and Notre Dame alone, stay in South Bend, where there are plenty of hotels, including the much-beloved, 60-year-old Morris Inn, which is located right on campus. The Morris closed its doors in late 2012 for major renovations; it is expected to re-open in August 2013. (Tip: some hotels will give college visitors discounts, so be sure to call and ask - its not usually advertised online. Check with the Morris directly, when it reopens, to see if they plan to resume their parents club offers.)If youre visiting in the winter months, pack for snow. Its not as cold here as in Minnesota, but South Bend gets 81 inches of snow per year and January temperatures drop down to the 20s and 30s Fahrenheit. One last thing: When its time for junior to fly home for the holidays, theres a bus service that runs between campus and OHare for about $35 one-way.More Important Details: This is a highly competitive school, but it produces some pretty incredible results. That high retention rate comes from the universitys first year of studies program, which teaches college study skills, helps students explore interests and offers support and guidance. Got a a possible pre-med? The Notre Dame acceptance rate into med school runs around 80% - the national average is closer to 40%. Community service is part of the culture here. Some 80% of the colleges students volunteer; more than 10% go on to join the Peace Corps.Got a musician with a penchant for sports? Notre Dames famous marching ba nd dates back to 1843. Got a bel canto soprano, a bassoonist or jazz pianist? Notre Dame has an opera program, as well as jazz and classical performance and music education majors, and its performing arts center boasts five stages. But music majors here don’t declare until sophomore year, its possible to double major in music and another field, and auditions are for ensemble placement and scholarship consideration, not university admission. (Translation: Its a very fine program, but if your kid is considering Juilliard or Curtis, he probably wouldnt apply here. And if thats where you are in the decision-making process, this article on College Admissions for Music Majors may help.)Notre Dame is famous for its Division I athletics, and especially its Fighting Irish football team, which has notched 11 national championships and seven Heisman Trophy winners. More than 60 former players are in the College Football Hall of Fame. But Notre Dame also fields 25 other mens and womens v arsity teams, as well as more than 80 intramural and club sports. Broom ball, anyone?Incoming Frosh Stats: Notre Dame is considered one of the nations 20 most selective universities, with a 29% acceptance rate. The average incoming freshman is in the top 4% of his high school class, with a SAT score of 1,390-1,490 out of 1,600 or an ACT of 32-34.The Law School: Notre Dames law school dates back to 1869 and its programs include the standard 3-year Juris doctor degree, as well as programs in international human rights and an LL.M. (Masters of Law) program in international law from Notre Dames London Law Centre. Admissions are extremely competitive, with more than 3,000 applicants vying for 183 places per year. The average accepted law student had a 3.64 college GPA and a 166 out of 180 on the LSAT.More? Visit the University of Notre Dames campus website for details on admissions for undergraduate study, law school, and grad school. This link will take you straight to information on sc heduling a campus visit. If youre headed to the campus itself, visitor parking is at the corner of Eddy and Holy Cross Drive in Notre Dame, Indiana.

Ap Us History Dbq ( When World War I Broke Out, the United...

United States History Section II Part A 1. When World War I broke out, the United States declared its policy of neutrality. To what extent did the United States follow a policy of neutrality between 1914 and 1917? On April 6 of 1917 America officially entered WWI as an ally power after much vouching of their neutrality. Up to that point many government officials preached to America the great strategy of neutrality especially the president of the time Wilson. At the beginning of WWI in 1914 America did stick to practiced isolationists point of view but as the war progressed and German aggression increased the American extent of neutrality decreased leading to their eventual entrance into the war. Germany blamed much of Britain’s†¦show more content†¦This effectively made it impossible to trade with Germany as Document C reinforces when reflecting on the war. The British navy was one of the strongest in the world for America to go against them would be suicide and they also depended much more on Britain for trade and economic reasons than Germany. Which meant America was to stick to their neutrality and do nothing. They continued trading to the countries they were able to and le ft alone the countries they could not. In the letter of secretary of state William Bryan to the Senate Committee of Foreign Relations (Document D) he implies that the U.S. is still neutral. He then goes on to explain what a tight place the U.S. is in. He addresses many of the points made in Document B and articulates why the U.S. has made some of the decisions it has and gives very convincing argument that the U.S. has had neutrality as its motivation the whole time. Germany was most likely irritated with the United States passive manner and upset that they did not come to German rescue when they still openly traded with they’re enemies and then claiming neutrality. In their eyes America’s standoffish attitude most likely justified they’re actions towards the U.S. but to the United States nothing could justify the German aggression they were going to receive as the war progressed. By 1915, the true grittiness of the war had been reached. Germany sent out a mas s warning to the people in the United

The Reflection Of F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby

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By keeping a low profile and participating in the illegal bootlegging of alcohol for several years, Gatsby acquires an immense amount of wealth and exhibits it, his grand mansion for example, in a hope to manifest a wealthy and respectable image. Fitzger ald intertwines Gatsby s mansion along with the residencesRead MoreEssay on The Great Gatsby- Women in the Twenties1328 Words   |  6 PagesMulligan in The Great Gatsby (2013), bobbed hair, white fringe low-waisted dress, flat-chested and highly made up face. In the 1920’s, after the first world war, women’s roles in society began to change because they became more independent, both in clothing and actions. They defied the well-known appropriate feminine behavior and along with those actions came new fashions. They refused to live up to any rules, whether from their husbands or their society. Today’s modern women are the reflection of the 1920’s

U.s. The Iranian Hostage Crisis - 1929 Words

Not only did the American public hope to be able to rely on and trust their federal government, but they also desired strong management of foreign affairs. During the Presidency of Jimmy Carter, America faced many blunders overseas. One particular high-profile issue was the Iranian Hostage Crisis where, â€Å"Iranian students stormed the U.S embassy in Tehran and took 53 Americans hostage,† and the attempted rescue of said hostages which resulted in a collision between two helicopters and eight dead marines (Davidson, et al 937). The Carter Administration’s handle on foreign affairs proved to be disastrous. As a result, the Republican party’s platform for the election of 1980, in which Carter was running for reelection, focused heavily on†¦show more content†¦President Lyndon Johnson had championed the liberal movements of the late twentieth century and continued the work of Franklin Roosevelt in an attempt to build a â€Å"great society†. He pushed through Congress countless pieces of legislation, more than the New Deal, designed to create equality in America including the Medicare and Medicaid Acts, the Elementary and Secondary School Act, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Davidson, et al 873). The American public seemed to accept Johnson’s programs as a drastic yet positive step for the nation. However, as time passed, many middle class Americans began to view Johnson’s steps as relaxed liberal policies that allowed lawbreakers and members of the lower class to live off of their hard work. The feeling that they were being taken advantage of led many Americans to question the effectiveness and legitimacy of Johnson’s â€Å"great society†. One of these middle class Americans wrote a letter to Nelson Rockefeller, the Republican governor of New York, stating that she was â€Å"discriminated against in favor of dope addicts and welfare cheats† (Document 3). The feelings in her lette r exemplify the anger of the middle class when dealing with Johnson’s â€Å"great society† and more broadly, the failure of the liberal state to bring about real change or equality. Additionally, the programs that Johnson set in place, while they did lower the unemployment rate initially, eventually left

Social Self and Group Identification †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Social Self and Group Identification. Answer: Introduction: The concept of self-identity plays a major role in peoples day to day functions. The idea of identity is believed to be the foundation in which an individuals daily life is anchored. Self-identity gives an individual the path to follow and a sense of belonging by being in a given social group. The hypothesis of social identity dons that ones identity is determined by the social group to which the individuals belongs (Hattie, 2014). The concept of social identity claims that any individual belonging to ascertain social group will always think the same way as the community and perceives thing just like the group. As a result of the social group theory, people categorize themselves about the group they belong to and other people as outsiders as they belong to another group. This hypothesis of categorization is grounded in a process known as self-categorization. The theory suggests that the core factor of categorization is the behavior which one adopts as a result of seeing things in the groups perspective. However, other scholars have developed and proposed a new idea of self-identity (Strauss, 2017). These scholars claim that self-identity is composed of three basic elements that are the collectives self which is defined by self-categorization, individual self which is attained by the unique qualities of an individual that differentiates the individual from the group and the relational self which is defined individual relationship others (Triandis, 1999). To come up with a review based on individual or collective identity, I have organized my action to capture the activities of my best friends architect activities by observing his Facebook account. My friend has 5000 friends on Facebook who likes and follow all of his posts. This architect friend posts pictures of houses which he designs and unlocks for people who would like to see the house plan. Through this activity, I came to discover his collective, individual self and relational self (Sedikides Brewer, 2015). Various posts on the architectures page attract likes from people of all ages and gender. Based on the analysis of his Facebook activities, he can be classified as relatable to his followers leading to a high number of followers who like and share his posts. My friend also has a personal account where he posts are personal, family and group pics which attracts likes and comments as well. As a result of this, this individual can be classified as a collective and relational individual. In the above action, the architect uses his collective and relational self through sharing the house plans and group photos. Through the architects activities, this individual categorizes himself as a good architect who provides house plans admirable to every one of his follower. Apart from the collective-self portrayed through the posting of the house designs, the architecture can be defined as relational based on activities in his account where he posts group photographs (Brewer Pickett, 2014). However, the individual can be defined as individual self since he opens his house plans at a fee. This suggests that ones self-identity cannot be defined based on ideas portrayed in social media as people only allow the ideas they want to be seen and hide their true self (Ellemers, Spears Doosje, 2002). In conclusion, it is best to define an individual as collective, relational or individual through personal observation but not social media. References Brewer, M. B., Pickett, C. L. (2014). The social self and group identification. The social self: Cognitive, interpersonal and intergroup perspectives, 4, 255. Hattie, J. (2014). Self-concept. Psychology Press. Sedikides, C., Brewer, M. B. (Eds.). (2015). Individual self, relational self, collective self. Psychology Press. Strauss, A. L. (2017). Mirrors and masks: The search for identity. Routledge. Triandis, H. C. (1999). Cross?cultural Psychology.Asian Journal of Social Psychology,2(1), 127-143. Ellemers, N., Spears, R., Doosje, B. (2002). Self and social identity.Annual review of psychology,53(1), 161-186.

Early Childhood Developmental Path

Question: Discuss about theEarly Childhood for Developmental Path. Answer: Introduction A four-year old child is quietly building a ring enclosure with wooden blocks on the floor. He brings two rectangular blocks into the enclosure, which he forms into a bench. Next, he brings a 4-legged life-size footstool and places it into the enclosure. He picks up his pet hamster from the hamster cage and places it into the enclosure. The hamster walks into the footstool shelter and stays inside for a while. It reappears and climbs on to the bench. The child goes to his toy box and takes out a cheese carton box, which has a small piece of sponge at the top. He stands and faves the hamster in the enclosure. He places the cheese carton box near his left eye and pressed the sponge and made the sound chug-chug. As per the vignette given above, according to Hayes Johnston (2014) describes that the child is in the stage of associative play in Partens five play where the child is focusing on making contact with the hamster through sharing toys or giving him cheese. It can be portrayed that the child is communicating with the hamster internally and is trying to make a contact through an understanding of the external world. As opined by Lev Vygotsky in children at play at this age try to sense the world through inner speech in which they are talking loud to themselves (Grzesik, Grzesik Vena, 2012). However, this is lost in the adults due to social development. The other characteristics is that they try to analyse things like the way the child knew that by giving hamster a cheese will keep him outside or making a sound will relate to food for the hamster. On the other hand, Vygotskys social development makes language of the children as a powerful tool of intellectual adaptation, which is directed to self (Siraj-Blatchford Brock, 2016). This can be further highlighted by the way the child sees its toys especially building blocks and doing puzzles and craft. On the other hand, according to Richter (2016), it is based on Sara Smilansky stages of development. This four year child is in its constructive play where the child is beginning to manipulate things through different object and patterns like bringing two rectangular blocks together is the representation of the bench as the child is attempting to work on making a place to stay for hamster. The characteristics that the theorist can elaborate on the vignette is given as: Firstly, the child has been substituting descriptions for the declarations and actions as verbal make believe with regard to actions and situations (Lindon Brodie, 2016) The same can be illustrated as using rectangular blocks in making bench for the hamster. In a way, the sponge acts as a place where the cheese is kept for the hamster to eat. The other characteristics that can be highlighted is the imitative role in which the person or object is expresses through imitation or verbalization. In the example it can be broadly classified as the hamster jumps on the bench to sit and gets back just the way the humans sit on the bench and gets up and moves and again comes and sit. The other possible characteristic would be make believe with regard to objects in which not only child substitutes the movements or verbal declarations but also assumes to build replicas through materials and toys by replicating objects with the real objects (Pellegrini, 2016). In the vignette, the same has been used for 4-legged life-size footstool where the hamster uses to be inside as a place of shelter just like in humans where home is supposed to be a place of safety and shelter. Interaction is the other feature that not only helps the two players to interact but also helps in establishing a mode of communication (Roseberry, Hirshà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Pasek Golinkoff, 2014). As depicted here, the child is termed to be a beginner in interaction where the child is playing also with no support and awareness from the people nearby while building a place of shelter for hamster with blocks through a ring enclosure depicting the area of safety. Moreover, it can also be seen that the building a hamster home is the act of sharing the experience where specific people are need to be placed. However, the child is applying the same act with hamster. References Grzesik, T. A., Grzesik, S. M., Vena, K. J. (2012). The Developmental Path: From Boyhood to Older Adolescence.Counseling Boys and Young Men. Hayes, M., Johnston, J. (2014). Chapter Three: EI and children's.Emotions in Education Settings, 36. Lindon, J., Brodie, K. (2016).Understanding Child Development 0-8 Years 4th Edition: Linking Theory and Practice. Hachette UK. Pellegrini, A. D. (2016). Object use in childhood: Development and possible functions. InEvolutionary Perspectives on Child Development and Education(pp. 95-115). Springer International Publishing. Richter, K. M. (2016).Universal screening through play: identifying preschool risk factors(Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Sacramento). Roseberry, S., Hirshà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Pasek, K., Golinkoff, R. M. (2014). Skype me! Socially contingent interactions help toddlers learn language.Child Development,85(3), 956-970. Siraj-Blatchford, J., Brock, L. (2016). Early Childhood Digital Play and the Zone of Proximal.